Historical and Policy Perspectives Concepts

Based on the powerpoints from Historical and Policy Perspectives

Churches

Pre-industrial America, who took care of people in hospitals?

Political opportunism

Congress, President choices affecting healthcare services refer to what term?

Postindustrial America

urbanization, worker’s compensation, and development of the 1st insurance company occured when?

BJC system

largest employer in STL at approx 30500

University of California

The 1st Pharm.D university is?

Take

The following image means what?

Communication

interprofessional and with patients. Electronic health records

Support

improve skills in hospice or home health care pharmacists

Education

both patients and other HC professionals, caregiver support

Medication safety

adherence monitoring, DI monitoring, medication reconciliation, patient follow-up, less frequent delivery schedules, infusion devices selection, error reduction

Operational

national shift to value-based care, integration and coordination with other health care systems

Tech advances

wearable devices, data analytics, remote monitoring, telemedicine, billing software

Cost considerations

reimbursement, cost of doing business

Staff shortages

Recruitment and retention

Regulatory

HIPAA, State and federal regulations, accreditation

CCRC

Covers all levels for seniors;

Disease went from acute-> chronic.

From 1900 to 2023, what has changed in mortality

Prevalence rate

Tell how wide the disease is

Incidence rate

describes how quick a disease spreads

Life expectancy

Statistical measure of the average time one is expected to live describes?

Morbidity

Incidence and prevalence of a specific disease state describes?

Mortality

Infant rate, Maternal rate, & Death rate/100,000 describes?

Morbidity

State of being diseased or unhealthy

Mortality

State of being dead describes?

Illness

People subjective XP of their symptoms describes what perspective?

Sickness

social & cultural conceptions plus disorders describes what perspective?

Disease

practitioner's perspective relating to underlying pathology;

Population Health definition

The study of the distribution and determinants of health and disease states within specific groups of people describes?

tertiary prevention

DSM, support groups, rehabilitation programs. Slowing the disease, prevent damage, pain, complications, etc.

Tertiary Prevention

Soften impact of an ongoing illness or injury with long-term effects describes?

Secondary Prevention

Disease screening ,regular exams (e.g mammograms), low-dose aspirin (heart attack and strokes) , work modifications, etc.

Secondary Prevention

Reduce impact of a disease/injury that has already occurred, but before it becomes symptomatic describes?

Primary Prevention

E.g. immunization, education on practices (diet, exercise, smoking), legislation (seatbelts, bicycle helmets, drug givebacks).

Primary Prevention

Prevent disease/injury before it occurs prevent exposure describes?

Public Health Goals

prevent disease & HP promotion w/specific interactions describes?

Public Health

protect safety & improve community health

Pestle and Mortar

The following image is?

Hygiene goddess

What is the Hygeia?

Bowl of Hygeia

The following image is what?

Ohio State University

The 1st 5 yr BS pharmacy is?

Howard University

The 1st Black University for pharmacy is?

University of Maryland

1st Public University for pharmacy education is?

Philadelphia College of Pharmacy

1st college of pharmacy is

Flexnor report

Describes science method as the new philosophy for pharmacy relates to what report?

Blue Shield

What was the first physician created?

Blue Cross

What was the first hospital created?

BJC system

In the corporate era, who group contains the largest employer in STL (~30.5K)

Churches

In Preindustrial America, who took care of people?

Political Opportunism

Which one of the following factors shaped the USA health care system through Congress, President's choices

Market-driven system

The US operates under what type of system