Centrally acting alpha2 adrenergic agonists

Centrally acting alpha2 adrenergic agonists

Medications primarily used to treat hypertension, including clonidine, methyldopa, and guanfacine.

Clonidine

A centrally acting alpha2 adrenergic agonist that reduces sympathetic outflow, leading to decreased heart rate and blood pressure.

Common side effects of clonidine

CNS depression, bradycardia, hypotension, and xerostomia (dry mouth).

Mechanism of Action

Clonidine works by selectively stimulating alpha2 receptors in the brainstem, activating inhibitory neurons that oppose the sympathetic nervous system.

Xerostomia

A common side effect of clonidine, also known as dry mouth, which usually decreases after 2 to 4 weeks of therapy.

High alert medication

Clonidine is considered this due to the increased risk of causing significant harm if used in error.

Nursing considerations for clonidine

Obtain baseline assessment, monitor for side effects, evaluate therapy effectiveness, and educate patients on safe self-administration.

Contraindications for clonidine

Use with caution in older adults, patients with renal impairment, history of addiction, during pregnancy and breastfeeding.

Rebound hypertension

A potential risk if clonidine is stopped abruptly, indicating a sudden increase in blood pressure.

Instructions for patients taking clonidine

Take medication exactly as directed, avoid hazardous activities until adjusted, and manage dry mouth symptoms.

Interactions with clonidine

Can cause excessive hypotension with other antihypertensives; beta blockers can potentiate bradycardia.