Botany Exam 1 Notes

Parasite

Non-autotrophic plant (ex. dodder)

Air

where the mass of a tree comes from

Ernst Mayr

Harvard ornithologist that proposed the Biological Species Concept, stating that “a species consists of populations of organisms that can reproduce with one another and that are reproductively isolated from other populations”

Differentiate between biological classification and that of a library or another “superficial classification”

Biological units are genealogically related to each other (actually share ancestors), whereas books do not

Nomentature

The procedure of assigning names to the kinds of and groups of organisms in a classification (basically the rules of “naming things”)

Latin

The language to which scientific names are treated as if they belong to

Phycology

The study of algae

Phytoplankton

Another name for algae/“protists” that are suspended in water (a name commonly used to describe microscopic marine algae)

Carolus Linnaeus

Swedish naturalist who popularized binomial nomenclature; was also famous in his own time for “the sexual system”

Zooxanthellae

The dinoflagellates which occur as symbionts in corals

Bacillariophyta (diatoms)

Has silica inside Petri dish-like walls that is used for polishes, toothpastes, and insecticides

Phaeophyta

Source of algin (food thickener) and kombu (kelp used in miso soup)

Rhodophyta

Phylum that is the source of carrageenan, agar, and nori (sushi wrap)

Red tides

another name for “harmful algal blooms”; often caused by dinoflagellates that produce toxins and then feed on effected organisms and/or their dead bodies

Mitosis

The process through which a gametophyte produces gametes

Sporic life cycle

Another name for the Alternation of Generations

Species

singular form of the word “species”

Chlamydomonas

Genus of green algae that was used as a model organism in the study of photosynthesis

Red algae

Known for having chlorophyll a, phycobilins, and a cell wall of cellulose

Flagella

Diatoms lack this structure at every stage of their life cycle

mRNA

The substance we know that Danish botanist Joachim Hammerling studied in Acetabularia and proposed that the shape of their caps is determined by

What do members of the Plant Kingdom and green algae have in common?

Cell walls of cellulose, chlorophylls a and b, and the storage of energy in the form of starch

Define science

It seeks to test a hypothesis with physical/observable data

Empirical

Evidence that is based on observation or experience

Monophyletic group

A group in phylogeny that is composed of an ancestor and ALL of its descendants

Net Primary Production (NPP)

the amount of energy an organism can store and make available

3 Components of a good experimental design

Randomization, Replication, and Blocking

Data to collect to determine if you’ve discovered a new species

Molecular data (DNA pairs), behavioral data (habitat/food source), physical data (color, size, etc.)

Advantages of molecular data

Easily shows differences and similarities between species

Reasons why botany is important biologically

Plants are carbon fixers, a food source, fossil fuels, biodiversity

Phytophthora

Genus of water molds that caused the Irish Potato Famine