Cardiovascular System Test Review

Function of the cardiovascular system

Pump blood to every living cell within the body

What does blood deliver to cells?

Oxygen, water, nutrients, hormones, WBCs

Why do cells need oxygen?

To produce ATP

What does blood take away from cells?

Waste & CO2

Tiny blood vessels for delivery and removal

Capillaries

One word for what the heart does

Pumps

Type of tissue the heart is made of

Cardiac muscle

Percentage of blood volume that is plasma

55%

Components of plasma

Water and solutes (proteins)

Most numerous white blood cell

Neutrophils

What attracts neutrophils to sites of inflammation?

Swelling/inflammation

Type of white blood cell with a kidney-shaped nucleus

Monocytes

Types of lymphocytes

Includes B cells and T cells

Largest leukocytes

Monocytes

What do basophils release?

An inflammatory chemical that attracts other white blood cells to the site of infection

What is coagulation?

Another term for blood clotting

Essential protein for coagulation

Fibrin

Blood cell that determines blood type

RBC

Antigens causing problems in Type O- blood receiving Type AB+ blood

All 3 antigens (A, B, Rh)

Type of blood pumped by the right side of the heart

Deoxygenated

Type of blood pumped by the left side of the heart

Oxygenated

Loop of blood vessels to and from body tissues

Systemic circuit

Loop of blood vessels to and from the lungs

Pulmonary circuit

True or False: Veins always carry deoxygenated blood.

False

Chambers of the human heart

4 chambers: a right and left atrium on top as well as a right and left ventricle on the bottom

What separates the right and left halves of the heart?

The septum

Pathway of blood from body to heart

Deoxygenated blood from the body enters the right atrium through the superior vena cava or inferior vena cava

Pathway of blood from right atrium to lungs

Blood pumps through the tricuspid valve into the right ventricle, then through the pulmonary valve to the lungs

Pathway of oxygenated blood from lungs to heart

Oxygenated blood returns to the heart through the pulmonary veins and pours into the left atrium

Pathway of blood from left atrium to body

Blood passes from the left atrium through the bicuspid valve into the left ventricle, then pumps through the aortic valve and out the aorta

EKG

Electrical activity of the heart

Pacemaker of the heart

SA node

Purkinje fibers

Carry impulses through the ventricles and cause them to contract.

Triggers the atria to contract

SA node

B+ blood antigens

B and Rh

Blood type with no antigens

O-

Lifespan of red blood cells

120 days