LESSON 4: CARDIOLOGY

interatrial septum (LA-RA)

the thin wall of tissue that separates the right and left atria of the heart, playing a crucial role in maintaining proper blood flow between the chambers.

interventricular septum (LV-RV)

the thick wall of muscle that separates the left and right ventricles of the heart, essential for maintaining efficient blood circulation.

atrioventricular septum (LA-LV or RA-RV)

the wall of tissue that separates the atria and ventricles of the heart, preventing the mixing of oxygenated and deoxygenated blood.

fibrous layer

the layer of tissue that provides a covering or protective barrier, particularly in the heart, contributing to the overall function and structure of cardiac tissue.

Lớp sợi (ngoại tâm mạc sợi) - lớp ngoài cùng

endocardium

the thin inner lining of the heart chambers and valves, important for smooth blood flow and preventing blood clots.

(nội tâm mạc)

parietal pericardium

the outer layer of the pericardium that surrounds the heart, providing protection and anchoring it within the chest cavity.

(lá thành ngoại tâm mạc)

pericardial cavity

the space between the layers of the pericardium that contains fluid, allowing for movement and reducing friction during heartbeats.

khoang màng ngoài

visceral pericardium (epicardium)

the inner layer of the pericardium that directly covers the heart, providing a protective layer and contributing to the formation of the heart's surface.

lá tạng ngoại tâm mạc

myocardium

the muscular middle layer of the heart wall, responsible for the contraction and pumping of blood.

cơ tim

pulmonary circulation

the part of the circulatory system responsible for transporting deoxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs and returning oxygenated blood back to the heart.

systemic circulation

the part of the circulatory system that carries oxygenated blood away from the heart to the body and returns deoxygenated blood back to the heart.

systole

the phase of the cardiac cycle where the heart muscle contracts and pumps blood out of the chambers.

Tâm thu

diastole

the phase of the cardiac cycle where the heart muscle relaxes and allows the chambers to fill with blood.

tâm trương

contraction

the process during which the heart muscle shortens and generates pressure to eject blood.

relaxation

the process of the heart muscle resting and allowing blood to fill the chambers after systole.

ejection

the phase during which blood is expelled from the heart chambers into the arteries.

filling

The process by which the heart chambers fill with blood after relaxation, preparing for the next contraction.

angi/o-

vessel

vas/o-

vessel

arteri/o-

artery

ven/o-

vein

Tiêm thuốc và TM

phleb/o-

vein

đưa máu từ TM ra ngoài

steth/o-

chest

arther/o-

fatty plaque or deposit

sphygm/o-

pulse or heartbeat

sphygmomanometer

an instrument used to measure blood pressure by detecting the pulse.

arrhythmia

a condition in which the heart beats with an irregular or abnormal rhythm.