PSY 281 Exam 3 Notes

You got this! Hit the study streak and you'll do great.

Schizophrenia

is diagnosed after having symptoms for at least 6 months

Prodromal phase

initial indication of symptoms of Schizophrenia; can be described as “gradually slipping away” (shows up in late teens to early twenties)

Active phase

symptoms of Schizophrenia become full-blown

Residual phase

leveling-off; they may show peculiar behavior, but remain coherent

Symptoms of Schizophrenia

1. Deterioration of daily activities

2. At least two: hallucinations or 3 types of delusions

3. Disorganized thoughts/speech

4. Abnormal emotional responses (i.e. inappropriate laughter)

Delusions of persecution

when someone with Schizophrenia fears that someone is out to get them

Delusions of grandeur

when a person with Schizophrenia feels extremely important

Delusions of reference

the interpretation of random things as special messages (cough, hand movement, etc.)

Disorganized Schizophrenia

the person will be child-like; expressing signs of silly or giggly behavior

Catatonic Schizophrenia

a person with this type of Schizophrenia will suddenly freeze and resist movement if initiated

Paranoid Schizophrenia

someone experiences extreme hallucinations and delusions

Undifferentiated Schizophrenia

catch-all; have less extreme mixture of symptoms

Residual Schizophrenia

when someone has a full-blown episode, but then they recover. Behavior may be slightly unusual, but they’re fine

“Positive” Symptoms of Schizophrenia

full-blown; includes delusions, hallucinations, and disorganized thought and speech (added to expected behaviors)

“Negative” Symptoms of Schizophrenia

less functional; very withdrawn (loss of certain personal qualities)

Neurodevelopmental Hypothesis

states that Schizophrenia is caused by a damaged nervous system that occurred prior to or at birth

Brief Psychotic Disorder

when a person briefly becomes mentally unstable, but recovers (also known as a nervous breakdown)

• lasts less than a month

• usually the result of stress

Schizopherniform

when a person experiences the same symptoms as someone with Schizophrenia, but it doesn’t last anymore than 6 months

• lasts from 1 to 6 months

Schizoaffective Disorder

when a person is having symptoms of Schizophrenia + a mood disorder

Delusional Disorder

when a person experiences delusions without other symptoms of schizophrenia

• lasts at least one month

• more “realistic” delusions than Schizophrenia

Shared Psychotic Disorder

delusions that can be shared or transferred to a partner (husband, wife, sister, etc)

Paranoid PD

the jealous type, distrustful (usually found in men)

Schizoid PD

loners, don’t care about criticism or praise, very indifferent

Schizotypal PD

magical thinking, odd/unusual beliefs (less extreme than schizophrenia, but over time it can be identified as schizophrenia)

Narcissistic PD

crave attention, feel superior, entitled, arrogant, don’t recognize other’s feelings, highly affected by criticism, selfish (conditional love from parents; difficult to treat)

Histrionic PD

dramatic, flirtatious, attention-seeking, extraverted (usually found in women)

Antisocial PD

lack conscience

Borderline PD

attachment/relationship issues, extreme feelings, may pretend suicide attempt for attention (usually from crush)

Avoidant PD

anxiety in social interactions, want to be involved, fear of rejection

Dependent PD

extreme need to be taken care of, feel powerless

Obsessive Compulsive PD

perfectionists, indecisive (impedes with everyday living)

Intellectual disability

• level of intelligence

• adaptive skills

Phenylketonuria (PKU)

when an infant is unable to metabolize phenylalanine, so it builds up (preventable through testing once baby is born; diet implemented if positive)

Tay sachs

lack an enzyme

• death before age 5

• common in the Middle Eastern Jewish population

Down syndrome

have an extra 21st chromosome

• common in mothers 35+ y/o during pregnancy

• the older the mother, the more likely

Fetal Alcohol Syndrome

when a mother drinks during her pregnancy

Pervasive Developmental Disorder

also known as autism spectrum disorders

• sever; long-lasting

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD)

• impairment in communication & social relationships

• shows up when the child begins to have communication problems

• typically avoid eye contact/touching

Autistic savant

someone with incredible memory/ability

Echolalia

when someone with autism repeats/echos others

Asperger’s

high-functioning autism

• lack social skills

• tangents

ADHD

attention difficulty, hyperactivity, and impulsiveness

• comorbidity

• usually diagnosed as a child

• Ritalin (medication used to treat ADHD)

Oppositional Defiant Disorder

when children misbehave (extreme)

Conduct disorder

when a person has 3 or more of these behaviors

• aggression towards others

• theft/vandalism

• serious rule violation

Pica

when a person eats things that are not edible

Rumination

when a person regurgitates their food and then swallows it

Tic disorder

Tourette’s - involuntary movements

• starts at age 2; peaks at age 10

Coprolalia

when someone with tics utters obscenities (cussing)

Mild Intellectual Disability

IQ 50 to 70

Moderate Intellectual Disability

IQ 35 to 49

Severe Intellectual Disability

IQ 20 to 34

Profound Intellectual Disability

IQ less than 20