Com Arch Data Representation

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Last updated 11:00 AM on 8/28/26
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48 Terms

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Binary Numbers
Represents 2 levels of status in electronics circuits {0,1}
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Bits
1 digit of the binary system represented by 0 and 1
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Bytes
A unit that represents with 8 bits, 1 character, or number
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Words
A fixed-sized group of bits that are handled together by the machine
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Base (Radix)
The number of digits in a particular number system and sometimes referred to as radix of the number
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Decimal Number System
Number system with a radix of 10 and number representation 0-9
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Binary Number System
Number system with a radix of 2 and number representation 1 and 0
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Octal Number System
Number system with a radix of 8 and number representation 0-7
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Hexadecimal Number System
Number system with a radix of 16 and number representation 0-9, A-F
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Positional Weight
The weight each digit or bit in a number carries in determining the magnitude of that number
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Most Significant Digit (MSD)
The digit in a number carrying the highest positional weight
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Least Significant Digit (LSD)
The digit in a number carrying the lowest positional weight
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Decimal Point
The radix point in a decimal number system
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Binary Point
The radix point in a binary number system
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Octal Point
The radix point in an octal number system
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Hex Point
The radix point in a hexadecimal number system
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Advantage of Binary System
Hardware implementation: electronic components have only two states, is simpler, faster, and less expensive
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Repeated Division
A method using repeated division by the radix to convert a decimal number to another base
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Binary-Coded Decimal (BCD)
A code where a digit is usually represented by four binary bits with values 8, 4, 2, and 1
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Excess-3
A binary code where each digit is represented by four bits as the BCD value plus 3
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ASCII
American Standard Code for Information Interchange; a seven-bit code using bit patterns (0 to 127 decimal) to represent character information
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Gray Code
A binary numeral system where two successive values differ in only one digit
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Fixed-Point Data
Data representation format used for integers
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Floating-Point Data
Data representation format used for real numbers
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Character Data
Numeric data represented using character encodings
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BCD Addition
Binary addition where 0110 (6) is added to any 4-bit sum greater than 9 or producing a carry to skip invalid states
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BCD Subtraction
Subtraction performed by adding the 9's or 10's complement of the subtrahend to the minuend
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Unpacked Decimal Format
Format representing signed decimals using 1 byte for each digit, storing 0-9 in least significant 4 bits
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Zone Bits
The most significant 4 bits in unpacked decimal format
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EBCDIC
Extended Binary Coded Decimal Interchange Code
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Packed Decimal Format
Format where 1 byte represents 2 numeric digits, with least significant 4 bits of last byte representing the sign
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Absolute Value Representation
Representation of signed numbers using a sign bit (0=+, 1=-) and a bit string representing the integer
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Sign Bit
Bit indicating positive (0) or negative (1) in signed integer representations
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Complement Representation
Representation of negative numbers using numerical complements
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Complement
The number that indicates the quantity by which a numeric value falls short of a specific numeric value
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Diminished Radix Complementation
Complementation defined by the formula r^n - 1 - N
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Radix Complementation
Complementation defined by the formula r^n - N
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9's Complement
Diminished radix complement for decimal numbers
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10's Complement
Radix complement for decimal numbers
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1's Complement
Diminished radix complement for binary numbers
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2's Complement
Radix complement for binary numbers
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7's Complement
Diminished radix complement for octal numbers
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8's Complement
Radix complement for octal numbers
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15's Complement
Diminished radix complement for hexadecimal numbers
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16's Complement
Radix complement for hexadecimal numbers
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Minuend
The number from which another number is subtracted
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Subtrahend
The number to be subtracted from the minuend
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End-Around Carry
In (r-1)'s complement subtraction, adding 1 to the most significant digit when an end carry occurs