Separating and purifying

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16 Terms

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Simple distillation

One liquid from a mixture of miscible liquids of different boiling points eg separating water from ink

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Fractional distillation

Separates liquids with similar boiling points eg separating nitrogen and oxygen from liquid air

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Filtration

Separating insoluble solids and liquids eg seperating sand from water

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Crystallisation

Separating soluble substances from saturated solutions eg producing crystals of a soluble solution (CuSo₄)

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Separating funnel

Separating immiscible liquids eg oil from water

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Paper chromatography

Separating the components in a mixture. Mostly used to identify what is in a mixture eg in forensic science. Eg separated components in a sample of food colouring

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Stationary phase

The part of the apparatus that the solvent and dyes move up

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Mobile phase

The solvent moves up the paper in chromatography

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Rf value

Distance moved by substance/distance moved by solvent

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Chromatogram

The pattern of spots produced when an ink separate into its different dyes

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Sedimentation

Large particles settle to the bottom

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Filtrating water

Remove smaller particles

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Chlorination

Kills bacteria

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Pure substances

Sharp melting points

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Impure substances

Melt over a range of temperatures

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Purifying salt water

Salt water is heated and the water turns ribsyeam. Steam coils and condenses and is then collected. Salt is left behind

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