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Simple distillation
One liquid from a mixture of miscible liquids of different boiling points eg separating water from ink
Fractional distillation
Separates liquids with similar boiling points eg separating nitrogen and oxygen from liquid air
Filtration
Separating insoluble solids and liquids eg seperating sand from water
Crystallisation
Separating soluble substances from saturated solutions eg producing crystals of a soluble solution (CuSo₄)
Separating funnel
Separating immiscible liquids eg oil from water
Paper chromatography
Separating the components in a mixture. Mostly used to identify what is in a mixture eg in forensic science. Eg separated components in a sample of food colouring
Stationary phase
The part of the apparatus that the solvent and dyes move up
Mobile phase
The solvent moves up the paper in chromatography
Rf value
A ratio that compares the distance moved up by a dye to the distanced moved up by the solvent
Chromatogram
The pattern of spots produced when an ink separate into its different dyes
Sedimentation
Large particles settle to the bottom
Filtrating water
Remove smaller particles
Chlorination
Kills bacteria
Pure substances
Sharp melting points
Impure substances
Melt over a range of temperatures
Note 
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