CIS Exam 2 Chp. 5 Antibody structure and function

Vocabulary flashcards covering key concepts related to antibody structures and functions for exam preparation.

Immunoglobulin

A type of antibody composed of four chains: two identical heavy chains and two identical light chains, responsible for identifying and neutralizing pathogens.

Constant Region

The part of the antibody that makes up the majority of its structure and determines the antibody class and function.

Variable Region

The segment at the top of the arms of the antibody that contains the antigen binding site.

Fab Fragments

The arms of the antibody that specifically bind to antigens.

Fc Fragment

The legs of the antibody that mediate immune system activation and recruit immune cells to destroy antigens.

Neutralization

The process by which an antibody coats a pathogen to prevent it from damaging cells.

Opsonization

The marking of pathogens for destruction by immune cells, enhancing recognition and phagocytosis.

Complement Activation

The initiation of the complement cascade that leads to pathogen destruction.

Hybridoma

A cell line created by fusing antibody-producing B cells with immortal myeloma cells, used for producing monoclonal antibodies.

IgA

An immunoglobulin that is the major antibody in mucosal secretions, existing as a monomer in serum and a dimer in secretions.

IgG

The most abundant immunoglobulin in serum that can cross the placenta, providing passive immunity to the fetus.

IgM

The first antibody produced in a primary immune response, typically secreted as a pentamer.

IgE

An immunoglobulin involved in allergic reactions and defense against parasites, binding to mast cells and basophils.

Isotypes

Different classes of antibodies based on the structure of their constant regions.

Allotypes

Genetic variations in the constant regions of antibodies among individuals of the same species.

Idiotypes

Variations in the variable regions of antibodies that give each molecule its specificity.

Fab Fragment Structure

Consists of one light chain and one-half of a heavy chain, and is responsible for antigen binding.

ADCC (Antibody-Dependent Cellular Cytotoxicity)

A mechanism in which natural killer (NK) cells recognize and induce the destruction of antibody-coated targets.

Electrophoretic Profile

A method used to separate proteins based on their size and charge, with antibodies primarily found in the gamma (γ) region.

In antibody isotypes the amino acid differs in what part

HC legs

Idiotype varies on the

HC and LC

Antigen specificity immunogen determines the amino acid sequence on the

HC and LC

Ability to clear a pathogen comes from the

HC regions of Ab

An immunoglobulin that has 5 monomers and a J chain is

IgM

An immunoglobulin that has 1 monomer and a J chain is Ig__

G

T/F immunoglobulin IgD is short lived and not much known about

True

What immunoglobulin determines acute infections and is first made with infectious

IgM

Which immunoglobulin activates mast cells

IgE

Which Immunoglobulin has a short half life and is on unstimulated B lymphocytes

IgD

Which immunoglobulin is abundant in serums and can cross the placenta

IgG

Which of the following is characteristic of variable domains of immunoglobulins?

They determine antigen specificity and engage with the epitope. and They occur on both the HC and LC

IgM can not

cross the placenta

How does the structure of IgE differ from that of IgG?

IgE has one more constant region than IgG

How many antigen-binding sites does a typical IgM molecule have?

10

An Fab fragment consists of

one light chain and one-half of a heavy chain

Which antibody best protects mucosal surfaces?

IgA

Which of the following pairs represents two different immunoglobulin allotypes?

IgG1m3 and IgG1m17

The structure of a typical immunoglobulin consists of which of the following?

2 HC and 2 LC

Which of the following are light chains of antibody molecules?

Kappa and Lambda

If the results of serum protein electrophoresis show a significant decrease in the gamma band, which of the following is a likely possibility?

immunodeficiency disorder

The subclasses of IgG differ mainly in

their heavy chain structure and biological functions.

Which best describes the role of the Secretory Component of IgA?

A transport mechanism across endothelial cells

Which is thought to be the main function of IgD?

activation of B cells

Which antibody is best at agglutination and complement fixation? Ig___

M

Which of the following can be attributed to the clonal selection hypothesis of antibody formation?

B cells are preprogrammed for specific antibody synthesis

T/F IgE is heat stable

Flase

Which best describes coding for immunoglobulin molecules?

Four different regions are involved in coding for heavy chains

What is the purpose of HAT medium in the preparation of monoclonal antibody?

restricting the growth of myeloma cells

Papain digestion of an IgG molecule results in which of the following?

2 Fab fragments and 1 Fc fragment

Which antibody provides protection to the growing fetus because it is able to cross the placenta?

IgG

Which best characterizes the secondary response?

There is a large increase in IgG but not IgM

Cells that are precursors of plasma cells and also express immunoglobulins are:

B lymphocytes

The immunoglobulin classes most commonly found on the surface of circulating B lymphocytes in the peripheral blood of normal persons are:

IgM and IgD

The molecular mechanism responsible for T cell receptor and B cell receptor (immunoglobulin) antigenic diversity is called:

somatic recombination

Which region of the immunoglobulin molecule can bind antigen?

Fab

Which immunoglobulin appears first in the primary response?

IgM

The antigen specificity of a B cell is determined by:

by heavy (H) chain and light (L) variable chain region sequences

Identify the correct pairing of an immunoglobulin with its property: pentameric, appears first during an immune response

IgM

Identify the correct pairing of an immunoglobulin with its property: dimeric, secreted, present in breast milk and saliva

IgA

Identify the correct pairing of an immunoglobulin with its property: most abundant in serum, crosses the placenta, highest titer during a secondary response

IgG

Identify the correct pairing of an immunoglobulin with its property: activates mast cells and eosinophils

IgE

Identify the true statement about the secondary (anamnestic) response versus the primary antibody response.

The primary response has a long lag phase; the anamnestic response has a short lag phase

Match the following molecular interactions/events necessary for B cell activation and differentiation in response to a T-dependent antigen: Recognition

B cell receptor recognition of antigen

Match the following molecular interactions/events necessary for B cell activation and differentiation in response to a T-dependent antigen: Costimulation

T cell recognition of antigen on MHC class 2 expressed by the B cell and CD40/CD40L interaction

Match the following molecular interactions/events necessary for B cell activation and differentiation in response to a T-dependent antigen: Differentiation

cytokines produced by T helper cells

Which of the following are B cell-specific markers?

CD19 and CD20