ot325 final exam

palmar grasp

raking grasp

cylindrical grasp

spherical grasp 

lateral grasp

hook grasp

radial digital grasp 

three jaw chuck

inferior pincer

superior pincer 

what hand manipulation should a 12-15 m be able to do?

finger to palm translation

what hand manipulation should a 2 y/o be able to do?

palm to finger translation and 90 degree simple rotation

what hand manipulation should a 3 y/o be able to do?

shift

what hand manipulation should a 4 y/o be able to do?

180-360 degree complex rotation

snipping (scissor skills)

small cuts in paper

cutting lines (scissor skills)

cutting along straight or curved lines

cutting shapes (scissor skills)

cutting out complex shapes

what does haptic perception allow children to do?

identify objects through touch 

stereognosis tests evaluate….

the ability to recognize objects without seeing them

somatosensory function supports….

precise finger movements and stable grasping

what are primative reflexes

survival reponses present at birth

examples of primative reflexes

moro, atnr, rooting, grasp

reflex present at birth and is triggered by sudden movement… sudden ext.

moro reflex

when should moro reflex be integrated by 

4 months 

what are righting reactions

help align head and trunk

examples of righting reactions

labrynthine, optical righting, BOH, HOB, landau

which reaction is this?

stimulus: change in head postion 

response: head moves to stay upright 

labrynthine head righting 

which reaction is this?

stimulus: visual input from environment

response: head orients to keep eyes level

optical righting 

what reaction is this?

stimulus: movement of body in space

response: head aligns with body

BOH

what reaction is this?

stimulus: rotation of head

response: body follows to align

HOB

what reaction is this?

stimulus: horizontal suspension in prone

reaction: ext of head, trunk, legs

landau

reflex that emerges around 6 months and allows dynamic balance and weight shifting

equilibrium response

when do protective reactions appear 

6-9 months 

phasic primative reactions do what

produce observable movement in response to touch, pressure, movement of body, sight or sound…. for survival and protection 

example of phasic reflexes

moro, rooting, suck, palmar, planter

tonic primitive reflexes do what 

change position of whole body to respond to changes in head position…. FOR STABILITY 

examples of phasic reflexes

ATNR, STNR< TLR, landau

what reactions are automatic

protective and equilibrium

this reflex distributes tone on opposite patterns on either side of midline FLAG POSITION

atnr

what happens if atnr reflex persists 

difficulty with:

• hand eye coordination

• ability to cross vertical midline

• visual tracking

when should atnr reflex be integrated by

6 months

when does stnr emerge by and integrated by

emerges: 4-6 months

integrated: 9-12 months

reflex where…

• neck ext—> UE ext and LE flex

• neck flex—> UE flex and LE ext

STNR

which reflex is a precursor to crawling

STNR

what happens if STNR persists

child may have difficulty with….

• standing still

• poor hand eye coordination

• posture and balance problems