Respiratory Zone - Tidal Volume

Components of the Respiratory Zone

respiratory bronchioles, alveolar ducts, alveoli

Structure of Alveoli

alveolar duct, alveolar sac, alveolus

Respiratory Membrane Composition

thin squamous epithelial layer

Pulmonary Capillaries

small blood vessels covering the external surface of the alveoli

Diffusion

method of movement of oxygen and carbon dioxide across respiratory membrane

Macrophages

cells in alveoli that protect against pathogens

Surfactant-Secreting Cells

cells that produce a liquid to line the alveoli

Pulmonary Ventilation

moving air in and out of the lungs

External Respiration

gas exchange between pulmonary blood and alveoli

Respiratory Gas Transport

transport of oxygen and carbon dioxide via the bloodstream

Internal Respiration

gas exchange between blood and tissue cells in systemic capillaries

Inspiration

flow of air into lung

Expiration

air leaving lung

Non-Respiratory Air Movements

Cough
Sneeze
Laughing
Crying
Yawn
Hiccup

Factors that Affect Respiratory Capacity

a person's size, sex, age, physical condition

Residual Volume

amount of air remaining in the lungs after a forced exhalation, around 1200 ml

Inspiratory Reserve Volume (IRV)

-amount of air that can be taken in forcibly over the tidal volume
-usually between 2100 and 3200 ml

Expiratory Reserve Volume (ERV)

-amount of air that can be forcibly exhaled
-approximately 1200 ml