CH4- Tissue Level

tissues

group cell in body work together for common functions

histology

study of tissues

tissues categories

epithelial tissue

connective tissue

muscle tissue

nervous tissue

epithelial tissue

cover surface, line passageways

makeup certain glans

• GI tract, skin surface

connective tissue

bind things together

• fat and soft padding (tissue, bone,tendon)

muscle tissue

responds to stimulus to contract and provide movement

• cardiac, smooth, skeletal

nervous tissue

allow propagation of electrochemical signals for communication

• brain, spinal cord, nerves

tissue membrane

thin sheet of cell create lining

epithelial tissue is a

large sheet of cell

top polarity

apical surface

bottom polarity

basal surface

cell junctions

cell-to-cell junctions

tight, gap, anchoring junctions

body systems must cross ___

epithelium

squamous epithelial

flat

cuboidal epithelial

equal height x width

columnar epithelial

tall

rectangular

simple

one layer

stratified

multiple layer

pseudostratified

messy arrangment

transitional

urinary organs to expand, stretch

• bladder, ureters

simple squamous epithelium

pass through diffusion and filtration

• air sac, blood vessels

simple cuboidal

secrete and absorbs

• small gland and kidney tubules

simple columnar

absorb and secreted mucous and enzymes

• digestive tract

pseudostratified columnar

secrete mucous

ciliated tissue

• bronchi trachea

• upper respiratory tract

stratified squamous

protect against abrasion

• esophagus

• vagina

stratified cuboidal

protective tissue

• mammary gland

• sweat/salivary gland

stratified columnar

secrete and protect

• female/male urethrae

glandular epithelia

modified epithelial cell whose main purp is to synthesize and secrete substances

endocrine glands

release substances into blood stream or interstitial fluid

inside

exocrine glands

release substances into ducts that lead surfaces

outside

connective tissue

serve support and connect other tissues and lay down structures

matrix

protein fiber

ground substance

protein fibers

collagen, elastic fibers, reticular fiber

ground substances

fluid, gel

cyte

cell

blast

build, makes

clast

renovates

reticular tissue

fiber provide supportive framework

loose connective tissue

aerolar, adipose, reticular

adipose tissue

consist fat cell with extracellular matrix

store fat for energy and insulation

connective tissue

fixed cell fibrocytes, adipocyte, mesenchymal

fiber types

reticular: same protein subunit as collagen

elastic: protein with lesser amount of other protein

collagen: protein link form straight fiber

dense irregular

tissue consists of collagenous fiber into mesh-like

cartilage

hyaline

fibrocartilage

elastic

hyaline

support with some flexibility

fibrocartilage

provide compressibility and absorb pressure

elastic

firm

type of bones

compact, cancellous

cells: osteoblasts, osteocytes, osteoclasts

fluid connective tissue

blood, lymph

blood

erythrocyte and leukocyte (lymphocyte)

membrane

physical barriers line of cover portion of body

type of membranes

mucous

serous (pleura, pericardium, peritoneum)

cutaneous

synovial

mucosae found in

found in digestive, respiratory, urinary, reproductive tract

epithelial surface

moist to reduce friction and facilitate absorption and excretion

lamina propria

areolar connective tissue

serous membrane

double wall; parietal, visceral

(pleura, pericardium, peritoneum)

cutaneous membrane

skin, exterior of body

synovial membrane

line joint cavities

produce synovial fluid

muscle tissue

movement of and within body

skeletal muscle is

voluntary

smooth muscle is

involuntary

muscle tissue types

skeletal

cardiac

smooth

skeletal muscle tissue

voluntary movement

produce heat/protect organs

cardiac muscle tissue

contract to pump blood

smooth muscle tissue

involuntary movement

Involuntarily control respiration

regulate flow of blood

nervous tissue

exchange information around body using electrochemical signs

tissue healing; wound repair

collagen fiber lay down by fibroblasts

nervous tissue is made of

neurons

neuroglia

neuron

cell propagates information

neuroglia

cell support neuron

astrocyte

blood-brain barrier for protection

microglia

immune

Schwann cell and oligodendrocyte

create myelin

ependymal cell

cerebrospinal fluid