phys integ 2 test 1 info

Why pulse pressures would be low

bleeding, aoritc stenosis, HF

BASH

why pulse pressure would be high

AFAR

atherosclerosis, fever, aoritic regurgitation

which VS is the first to alter in deterioration

RR

movement of blood. Pulmonary circulation vs systemic

from the body it goes to the right atrium to right vent to pulmonary artery to lungs to pulmonary vein to left atrium to left vent to body

pulmonary circulation: movement of blood from the right heart to the lungs

systemic circulation: movement of blood from left heart out to body

VQ

Ventilation: movement of air to alveoli

Perfusion: blood to alveoli.

They need to be balance, 1.0

high vq= high ventilation, low perfusion (ex: PE stops blood flow)

low vq= low ventilation, high perfusion (ex: atelectasis)

labs for gas exchange

increased creatinine kinase and decreased potassium, decreased hgb, hct, rbc

malignant hyperthermia early signs and treatment

skeletal muscle rigidity, tachycardia

dantrolene + cooling

DIC

disseminated intravascular coagulation

a bunch of little clots occuring with urosepsis

DIC = death is coming

Uncomplicated UTI treatment

trimethoprion/sulfamethoxazone - after culture

Complicated UTI treatment

ciprofloxacin or nitrofurantoin - both fluoroquinolones (bactericidal antibiotics)

patient may also be prescribes bladder analgesics like phenazopyridine/pyridium - may turn urine orange - only use for a few days because it could mask worsening symptoms

nephrotoxic meds

metformin, contrast dye, lithium, cocaine, heroin, analgesics, diuretics

CM of nephrotoxicity

oliguria, dark urine, edema, hypertension, dry itchy skin, confusion

dialysis disequilibrium syndrome

rapid change in ECF composition leading to high osmotic gradient in brain leading to cerebral edema