WILLIAM I AND LANFRANC CHURCH REFORMS

in what ways did william and his sons reform the english church?

what did william found in 1063 in Caen

the abbey of st stephen

what was founded in the 1070s at Battle

abbey st martin

what did william view the anglo saxon church as

a major source of power and influence

how much landed wealth did the church hold

1/4th

why did william need to move cautiously

because the backing of the existing establishment was needed to confirm his legitimacy as Edwards rightful successor

how did earldred comply with this

by presiding over the coronation

when did ealdred die

1069

what happened easter 1070

papal legate Ermenfrid had archbishop stigand deposed and then imprisoned at winchester

why was stigand condemned

for holding 2 bishoprics and supporting the antipope, Benedict X

who else was removed

bishops of Selsey, Lichfield, Durham and Elmham

who did william install in their place

loyal supporters from the french and normandy churches

who became archbishop of york and canterbury

thomas of bayuex - york

lanfranc - canterbury

how many english born bishops remained

3

who was largely left alone

lower levels of the church

priests, monks, nuns (not figures of importance)

what were lanfranc and william firm supporters of

papal reform movement that aimed spiritually to strengthen the western church and to remove common abuses of canon law

what were common abuses of canon

simony, nepotism, pluralism and clerical marriage

how did william win papal support of the invasion

he presented it as an opportunity to take control of, and reform, an outdated english church riddled with corruption

how many church councils did lanfranc meet with

10

how was lanfranc described in the 1075 council of london - what did this represent

as the ‘primate of the whole of britain’ - a significant shift in power

what did lanfranc establish in 1070 with williams backing

he formally established the primacy of canterbury over york

how had these two been viewed previously

considered equal, although in practice canterburys wealth and prestige meant this was far from so

what did the london council approve

the transfer of 3 bishop seats from rural to urban locations with more to be considered

what effect did this have

it brought england into line with the continental view that bishops should be based in large towns close to their flocks

it was also part of a wider reorganisation aimed at creating a uniform, hierarchical church

what were the bishoprics divided into

subdivided into smaller territorial units called archdeaconries, each one headed by an archdeacon

what was the case by the end of williams reign

almost every bishop had a deputy, policing the localities and ensuring common standards were being maintained

what were archdeaconries divided into

rural deaneries, headed by deans giving yet another layer of control

what did lanfranc demand bishops hold

regular councils or their own, synods

why was this not a complete transformation of pre conquest patterms

because the writ only applied to hundred courts

what did lanfranc use the synods for, and give an example

to speak out on corruption, for example attacking simony at the 1075 council of london

what did lanfranc do at the council of winchester

he demanded celibacy from the clergy and decreed that in future no one could be ordained if they were married

what were parish priests presented with the choice of

giving up their role or their wives

what did lanfranc do soon after taking office

ordered the redevelopment of canterbury cathedral in the distinctive Romanesque style

what cathedrals were pulled down and rebuilt

winchester, canterbury, durham, gloucester

what was removed from many english saints

their relics and shrines

what were altered in favour of norman versions

parts of the liturgy, the round of chants, prayers and masses

what shows that this was an assault too far

the monks at glastonbury rioted in 1083, leading to a massacre when the norman abbot sent in knights to restore order