Cartilage of Skeleton

What two tissues is the skeleton made of?

bone, cartilage

What is the embryonic skeleton mostly made of?

hyaline cartilage

What is the adult skeleton mostly made of?

rigid bone

What are the 3 types of cartilage?

hyaline, elastic, fibrocartilage

Where are the 3 types of cartilage found?

• bridge of the nose

• larynx

• trachea

• ribcage

• ear

• knee joints (menisci)

• vertebral column (intervertebral discs)

• many joints

Functions of the Skeleton

• support

• protection of internal organs

• lever system

• storage

• production of blood cells

What is the production of blood cells called?

hematopiesis

What protection does the skeleton provide?

skull protects the brain, ribcage protects the lungs and heart

What does the skeleton store?

adipose tissue and minerals

Where is the axial skeleton found?

center of gravity, the torso

What does the axial skeleton consist of?

skull, sternum, vertebral column

What does the appendicular skeleton consist of?

limbs, pelvic and pectoral girdles

What is cartilage?

mostly water with differing amounts of elastic, reticular, or collagen fibers

What is the outer covering of the cartilage called?

perichondrium

What is the function of the perichondrium?

plays a part in growth and repair of cartilage

avascular

without blood vessels

Cartilage has no __________

nervous enervation

What does it mean that cartilage doesn’t have any nervous enervation?

no pain or sensory nerves inside the cartilage itself

Does cartilage heal slow or fast and why

heals slowly because of poor blood supply since it’s avascular

articular cartilage

hyaline, found at epiphysis of long bones

costal cartilage

hyaline, connects ribs to sternum

larygyneal cartilage

hyaline, constructs voice box of larynx

tracheal and bronchial cartilages

hyaline, reinforce passageways of respiratory system

nasal cartilage

hyaline, supports external nose

intervertebral discs’ cartilage

fibrocartilage, separate and cushion bones of spine

ear cartilage

elastic, supports external ear

elastic cartilage can also be found in the 

epiglottis

two types of bones

compact, spongy

compact bone

smooth looking, homogenous

spongy bone

small trabeculae, bars of bone, space

four subtypes of bone

long, short, flat, irregular

hyaline cartilage can be found

ends of bones, connecting ribs to sternum, larynx, respiratory structures, external nose

elastic cartilage can be found in

external ear, epiglottis

fibrocartilage can be found in

intevertebral discs, menisci, pubic symphysis

Compact bone is dense and made up of organizational units called _______

osteons

long bones

longer than wide, shaft and heads at end, mostly compact bone

examples of long bones

femur, tibia, fibula, humerus, radius, ulna, metacarpals, metatarsals, and phalanges

short bone

typically cube shaped, contain more spongy bone

examples of short bones

carpal bones in the wrist, tarsal bones in the foot

flat bone

consist of two layers of thin compact bone with spongy bone in between, most are curved

examples of flat bone

bones of skull, sternum, scapula, ribs

irregular bone

unusually shaped

examples of irregular bone

vertebrae, sacrum, coccyx, sphenoid, ethmoid

two other subcategories of bones

sesamoid, sutural

sesamoid bone

special types of short bones formed within tendons

sutural bone

tiny bones between cranial bones

example of sesamoid bone

patella

example of sutural bone

parietal wormian bone

bone markings

areas on the surfaces of the bones where ligaments…etc. attach, where joints are formed, and where nerves and blood vessels pass

two types of bone markings

projections, depressions

projections serve as

sites for muscle attachment or help form joints

depression serve as

conduits for nerves and blood vessels

projections that are the site of muscle and ligament attachment

tuberosity, tubercle, trochanter, crest, line, epicondyle, spine, process

projections that help form joints

head, facet, condyle, ramus

depressions for blood vessels and nerves

fissure, foramen, notch

other depressions

meatus, sinus, fossa