PSYCH - EXAM 4

Bottom-UP Processing

• Detecting basic features of stimulus

• Data-driven

• Moves from PART to whole

Top-DOWN processing

• Observer’s cognitive process

• Moves from WHOLE to PART

• Conceptually driven processing

Example of?

GESTALT

Law of Similarity

Depth Perception

Distance or 3D features of objects

Monocular Cues

Distance or depth processed by either eye alone

Monocular Cues Example (6)

• Relative size

• Overlap

• Aerial perspective

• Texture gradient

• Linear perspective

• Motion parallax

Covergence 

Muscles rotate your eyes to focus on an object

• More eyes converge → closer the object is

• Less eyes converge → farther the object is

Proprioception

Sense of location or position of body parts in relation to one another.

Vestibular Sense

• Balance

• Responding to GRAVITY, MOTION, and BODY POSITION

Kinesthetic Sense

Sense of LOCATION and BODY position as a result of movement.

Skin

Heaviest and largest sense organ

• Contains many SENSORY RECEPTORS

Pacinian corpuscle 

Located beneath skin and sends neural message to brain when stimulated

• Sensory adaptions occur when pressure is constant 

Nociceptors

FOR PAIN

Small sensory fibers in skin, muscles, and internal organs

Fast pain receptors

A-delta fibers

Slow pain receptors

C fibers and substance P

Pain 

Unpleasant sensory and emotional experience related to actual or potential tissue damage

Gate-Control Theory of Pain

Pain experience is interpreted by the brain, which SENDS SIGNALS DOWN THE SPINAL CORD

Open pain gateways

Pain experienced or intensified

Closed pain gateways

Pain reduced

Sensitization

Pain pathways become more responsive

Carpentered-world hypothesis

People living in urban environments have are better judges of lines, corners, edges, and other rectangular objects.

How many receptors does a taste bud have?

50 receptors for 5 tastes

What are the four basic tastes?

• Sweet

• Source

• Salty

• Bitter

• Umami

Umami 

Monosodium glutamate