COM 130 Review sheet Exam 1

Meta analyses

________ collect all the studies on a topic and attempt to derive the best estimate of the strength of the relationship between variables and what makes that relationship change.

Nonprofits

________- Interacting with the public who need help and essentially running a business.

Low SES

________ is statistically associated with about everything bad that can happen to you including dying younger, having more stress, more depression, fewer sources of support, etc.

Aristotle

________: One of plato's students founded a school and taught rhetoric.

Uppers

________- People who communicate positively about us without being completely uncritical.

Social Communities

________: a group of people within an overall society that has a culture that is distinct from it.

Asexual

________- people who do not feel sexual desire for any gender.

Vultures

________- Extreme downers who openly attack our self- concepts and do nothing but criticize us.

Education

________- From teaching speech at the high school level to being a communication professor.

technological channel

Mediated communication: communication that relies on ________ in order to send a message between two entities.

Stereotypes

________: A predictive generalization about a person or situation based on the category employed to understand the person or situation.

Noise

________ added: Anything that interferes with transmission of the message)

perception

For ________, higher cognitive complexity makes it easier for you to adapt to new information rather than letting your expectations guide you.

Interactive Model

________: Feedback and field of experience added.

Empathy

________ is different from person- centeredness, ________ is the tendency to feel what other people are feeling.

Specificity

________: is the behavior due to some very narrow cause or a broader cause.

Triangulation

________ is studying a phenomenon in multiple ways.

Constructivism

________ states how we organize and interpret information.

Prototypes

________: knowledge structures that define the clearest or ideal examples of some category (most pure version of something) (perfect)

Mass medias

________: using mediated communication to reach large numbers of people.

Critical research

________:"Methods in which scholars identity and challenge communication practices that oppress, marginalize, or otherwise harm individuals and social groups:

Interpretation

________: the subjective process of creating explanations for what we observe and experience.

Listeners

________ are meant to interpret rather than simply hear messages.

National Society

1950: ________ for the Study of Communication was formed to create an Organization that would focus more on social scientific approaches to Communication research (Later changed the name to International Communication Association.

Scripts

________: A sequences of activities that spells out how we and others are expected to act in a specific situation.

Ethnography

________:"researchers try to discover what symbolic activities mean by immersing himself in naturally occurring activities and contexts.

Direct Definition

________: We learn about ourselves when others explicitly tell us what they think our identity is.

Schemata

________: Cognitive structures we use to organize and interpret experiences.

sexual orientation

Race, gender, class, and ________ are some of the commonly studied socila communitires in American culture.

Textual analysis

________: The careful examination of texts or groups of texts for their deeper meanings, some scholars would include both rhetorical criticism and critical research.

Feedback

________ is the response.

20th century

________: John Dewey promoted the study and teaching of communication skills as key to promoting democracy and tolerance rather than fascism and prejudice.

Expectation

________: We tend to notice things that fit with what we believed we would see and we tend not to notice what is inconsistent with ________.

Physiological Factors

________: Our bodies differ in how they sense the world.

428 348BCE

________: Plato formed one of the first institutions of higher learning where he taught that the goal of philosophy was seeking universal truths.

Public speaking

________: one person addressing a group of people.

Tisias

465ishBCE: Corax and ________ were the first to teach public speaking so that people could win court cases.

Critical Whiteness studies

________: An area of scholarship that argues that "whiteness "is a made- up construct that is used to define who is privileged and who is not.

Qualitative research

________: Systematically collecting and analyzing non- numeric data about communication phenomena by attempting to look for deeper meaning of communication patterns in texts and groups.

Individualism collectivism

________:"The extent to which members of a culture understand themselves as part of and connected to their families, groups, and cultures "such that a greater connection is associated with more collectivism.

Anxious ambivalent

________: negative self view, positive others view.

communication

The relationship between culture and ________: Culture and ________ are reciprocal.

Quantitative Research

________: Systematically collecting and analyzing numeric data about communication phenomena to draw broad conclusions about overall patterns of communication in a population.

Evaluation of someone

Judgment: ________ based on a set of observations and inferences.

Personal constructs

________: bipolar constructs that we use to evaluate people.

Cognitive abilities

________: There are a variety of aspects about how we think that affect our perception.

Uncertainty Avoidance

________:"the extent to which people want to avoid ambiguity and vagueness "(EX: list of rules posted)

Self disclosure

________ starts with surface level topics but over time can proceed to deeper and more private information.

Biological Sex

________- The chromosomes you were born iwth that defined what kind of genitals you devopled in the womb.

Downward comparison

________: we compare ourselves to people who are much worse than us- Too much of this gives us over- inflated self- esteem.

What is the value of Communication

Humans (especially children) dont develop properly [a]without communicating with others; Communication with others promotes mental and physical health

Definition of Communication

Communication is a systematic process in which people interact with and through symbols to create and interpret meanings

Symbols

abstract, arbitrary, and ambiguous representation of other things

Meanings

The significance we bestow on a phenomena or what it signifies

Content meaning

contains the literal message (may I come in)

Relationship meaning

express the relationship between the communicators (scorned lover evilly saying may I come in, at your door after you changed your identity and moved out of state)

 Linear Model (transmission Model)

A sender encodes a message that is sent through a channel to a receiver (Who

Noise added

Anything that interferes with transmission of the message)

Interactive Model

Feedback and field of experience added

Education

From teaching speech at the high school level to being a communication professor

Nonprofits

Interacting with the public who need help and essentially running a business

Mass Communication

Journalism, Broadcasting, Public Relations, and Advertising

Training and Consulting

Going into businesses and teaching communication skills or examining the communication patterns they use and trying to find ways to improve them

Human Relations and Management

Communication skills make you well qualified to help management and employees interact better and to encourage better work

465ishBCE

Corax and Tisias were the first to teach public speaking so that people could win court cases

450ishBCE

Protagoras was Sophist who taught that there were two sides to every question

428-348BCE

Plato formed one of the first institutions of higher learning where he taught that the goal of philosophy was seeking universal truths

Aristotle

One of plato's students founded a school and taught rhetoric

20th century

John Dewey promoted the study and teaching of communication skills as key to promoting democracy and tolerance rather than fascism and prejudice

1914

National Association of teachers of Public speaking because they felt their interests were ignored by the English teachers of the Modern Language Association (After several name changes it now goes by National Communication Association

1950

National Society for the Study of Communication was formed to create an Organization that would focus more on social scientific approaches to Communication research (Later changed the name to International Communication Association

Text

any record of human communication including speeches, advertisements, billboards, public, art, television shows, quilts

Critical research

"Methods in which scholars identity and challenge communication practices that oppress, marginalize, or otherwise harm individuals and social groups

Qualitative research

Systematically collecting and analyzing non-numeric data about communication phenomena by attempting to look for deeper meaning of communication patterns in texts and groups

Textual analysis

The careful examination of texts or groups of texts for their deeper meanings, some scholars would include both rhetorical criticism and critical research

Ethnography

"researchers try to discover what symbolic activities mean by immersing himself in naturally occurring activities and contexts"

Historical research

scholars attempt to understand the historical development of communication both as a discipline and communication events

Quantitative Research

Systematically collecting and analyzing numeric data about communication phenomena to draw broad conclusions about overall patterns of communication in a population

Interpersonal

communication between a small number of people

Small group and team communication

communication in committees and work teams but also includes naturally occurring groups like groups of friends

Public speaking

one person addressing a group of people

Organizational communication

the ways in which communication is used to create different kinds of social structures occurs between them

Mass medias

using mediated communication to reach large numbers of people

Mediated communication

communication that relies on technological channel in order to send a message between two entities

Intercultural communication

communication between people of different cultures

Health communication

the study of how communication can improve peoples health including public health campaigns, doctor-patient interactions, and the effects of communication on bodily processes

Perception Process

Selection, Organization, Interpretation

Schemata

Cognitive structures we use to organize and interpret experiences

Prototypes

knowledge structures that define the clearest or ideal examples of some category (most pure version of something) (perfect)

Personal constructs

bipolar constructs that we use to evaluate people

Intelligent

not intelligent

Stereotypes

A predictive generalization about a person or situation based on the category employed to understand the person or situation

Scripts

A sequences of activities that spells out how we and others are expected to act in a specific situation

Interpretation

the subjective process of creating explanations for what we observe and experience

Attributions

our explanations for why someone did something

Internal-external

is their behavior due to their personality (internal or due to the situation (external)

Stability

is the behavior due to something that changes or not

Specificity

is the behavior due to some very narrow cause or a broader cause

Control

is the behavior due to something they cannot change or something they have control over

self-serving bias

We are more likely to construct attributions that serve our own interests