Forces

Forces, work, energy

define pressure

**Pressure** is defined as the force applied per unit area. It is a scalar quantity and is measured in units of pascals (Pa) or pounds per square inch (psi).

P=F/A

Pressure (Pa)= Force (N)/ Area (m²)

how does pressure work

Pressure is the force per unit area. It's found by dividing the force by the area. The greater the force or the smaller the area, the greater the pressure. Pressure is important in natural phenomena like weather and technological applications like hydraulic systems.

State 3 fundamental forces

Gravitational, electromagnetic, strong nuclear

Name factors that affect the force of friction

surfaces, normal force, coefficient friction, applied force, temperature, surface area

What is thrust and drag?

Thrust is the force that makes an object move forward. Drag is the resistance force acting opposite to the motion of an object such as air resistance.

What is normal force and gravity?

Normal force is an upward force exerted by a surface on an object in contact with it. Gravity is attraction with objects and mass.

Define lift

Lift is the upward force generated on an object, as a result of the pressure difference between the top and bottom surfaces of the object

Define buoyancy

Buoyancy is the upward force exerted on an object immersed in a fluid (liquid or gas) due to the difference in pressure between the top and bottom of the object.

Name the effects of a force

change in motion, deformation, pressure or stress, energy transfer

What is work?

Work is the product of force and displacement. It represents the amount of energy transferred or expended when a force acts on an object and causes it to move over a certain distance.

W=FxD

Work (Joules) = Force (N) x Distance (m)

Energy is…

the ability to do work

Work is…

the transfer of energy

KE=M x S²

(1/2) × mass (kg) × speed²(m/s)

How does kinetic energy vary with mass?

Kinetic energy is directly proportional to mass. If the mass of an object doubles, its kinetic energy will also double, assuming the speed remains constant.

How does kinetic energy vary with speed?

Kinetic energy is directly proportional to the square of speed. If the speed of an object doubles, its kinetic energy will increase by a factor of four (2² = 4), assuming the mass remains constant.

State the law of conservation of energy

Energy can't be created or destroyed in a closed system. The total amount of energy always stays the same.