TEAS A&P

chemical

body structure level that involves interactions among atoms and their combination into molecules

organelle

body structure level that involves a small structure contained within a cell that performs one or more specific functions

cell

body structure level that involves the basic functional units of life; differ in structure and function

tissue

body structure level that involves a group of cells with similar structures and functions

organ

body structure level that involves two or more tissue types that work together to perform one or more common functiono

organ system

body structure level that involves a group of organs classified as a unit because of common functions or set of functions

organism

body structure level that involves any living thing considered as a whole

cavity

a fluid-filled space in that body that holds and protects internal organs

thoracic

the _____ cavity is surrounded by the rib cage and separated from the abdominal cavity by the diaphragm

thoracic

the _____ cavity contains the esophagus, trachea, thymus gland, heart, and both lungs, along with other structures

abdominal

the ____ cavity is bounded by the abdominal muscles below the thoracic cavity

abdominal

the ____ cavity contains the stomach, intestines, liver, spleen, pancreas, and kidneys

pelvic

the ____ cavity is enclosed by the bones of the pelvis

pelvic

the ____ cavity contains the urinary bladder, part of the intestines, and the internal reproductive organs

dorsal

the ____ cavity is the back of the human body, and it is subdivided into two cavities

cranial

the ____ cavity contains the brain

spinal

the ____ cavity contains the spinal cord

inferior

directional term that describes a structure below another

superior

directional term that describes a structure above another

anterior

directional term that describes toward the front of the body

posterior

directional term that describes toward the back of the body

dorsal

directional term that describes toward the back

ventral

directional term that describes toward the front

proximal

directional term that describes closer to the point of attachment to the body than another structure

distal

directional term that describes farther from the point of attachment to the body

lateral

directional term that describes away from the midline of the body

medial

directional term that describes toward the middle or midline of the body

superficial

directional term that describes toward or on the surface

deep

directional term that describes away from the surface

anterosuperior

directional term that describes in front or above

midline

directional term that describes a median line

supine position

directional term that describes lying flat with face and torso facing upward

prone position

directional term that describes lying face down

sagittal plane

plane that runs vertically through the body and separates the body into left and right parts

midsagittal plane

plane that divides the body into two equal halves

transverse plane

plane that runs parallel to the surface of the ground and divides the body into superior and inferior planes

coronal plane

plane that runs vertically from left to right and divides the body into anterior and posterior parts

upper limbs

the arm, forearm, wrist, and hand are considered ____ ____

lower limb

the thigh, leg, ankle, and foot are considered ____ ____

central region

the neck and trunk are considered in the ____ ____

head region

the entire head is in the ____ ___

connective

type of tissue characterized by extracellular material that separates cells from one another

connective

tissue that encloses, separates, and connects tissues to one another; also used for support, moving, storing, cushioning, insulating, transporting, and protecting

immune system cells and blood

connective tissue examples

epithelial

type of tissue classified according to number of cell layers and shapes

epithelial

tissue that protects underlying structures, acts as a barrier, secretes substances, and permits the passage or substances

skin, lining of internal organs

examples of epithelial tissue

muscle

tissue whose cells resemble long threads and are called fibers

muscle

tissue that provides movement in the body

heart, organs of digestive system

example of muscular tissue

neural

type of tissue whose cells are composed of dendrites, cell bodies, and axons

neural

type of tissue that coordinates and controls many body activities

brain, spinal cord

examples of neural tissue

connective

e

epithelial

type of tissue shown above

muscle

type of tissue shown above

nervous

type of tissue shown above

homeostasis

the existence and maintenance of a relatively constant environment within the body

negative feedback

mechanism that regulates most systems of the body to maintain homeostasis; any deviation from the set point is made smaller or is resisted

positive feedback

mechanisms that are not homeostatic and rare in healthy individuals; when a deviation from the normal value occurs, response of the system is to make deviation even greater, creating a cycle leading away from homeostasis

positive

inadequate delivery of blood to cardiac muscle is an example of a _____ feedback mechanism

negative

the maintenance of normal blood pressure is an example of a _____ feedback mechanism

blood

type of fluid connective tissue that circulates throughout the body, carrying substances to and say from bodily issues

7.4

pH of blood

plasma

extracellular matrix element of blood

erythrocytes

red blood cells that participate in gas exchange with O2 and CO2

leukocytes

white blood cells that protect the body from foreign substances by eliciting an immune response

thrombocytes

platelets in blood that aid in blood clotting and wound healing

92

plasma is ___% water

5

the average volume of blood in the human body is __L

Buffy coat

plasma

makes up 55% of blood

erythrocytes

makes up 45% of blood

transportation, regulation, protection

3 primary functions of bloodwh

gases, nutrients, wastes, hormones

what does blood transport throughout the body

albumin

main protein in blood, accounting for roughly 60% of plasma proteins

vasodilation

the expansion of blood vessels

vasoconstriction

the contraction of blood vessels

vasodilate

when blood vessels ______, blood flows slowly, causing heat loss

vasoconstrict

when blood vessels ____, blood flow is reduced and less heat is released

platelets

part of blood that repairs broken blood vessels

hemostasis

physiological process that helps maintain blood in its fluid states and stops it from leaking out of a damaged blood vessel through clot formation

antigens

cells found on the surface of a blood cell that differentiates the blood group

antibodies

blood proteins found in plasma that helps differentiate what blood group

A

blood group ___ displays A antigens and B antibodies

B

blood group ___ displays B antigens and A antibodies

O

blood group ___ does not display A or B antigens and both A and B antibodies

AB

blood group ___ displays type A and B antigens but neither in the plasma

O

blood type who is universal blood donor

AB

blood type who is universal acceptor

cardiovascular

the ____ system circulates substances throughout the body using blood as a transporting mechanism

tricuspid

the ____ valve regulates blood flow between the right atrium and right ventricle

pulmonary

the ____ valve regulates blood flow from the right ventricle into the pulmonary artery

mitral

the ____ valve regulates blood flow between the left atrium and left ventricle

aortic

the ____ valve regulates blood flow from the left ventricle to the aorta

aorta

largest artery in body

capillaries

____ have thin walls and a very large surface area

septum

muscular structure that separates the atria from the ventricles

pericardium

outer layer of the heart

myocardium

middle layer of the heart