Studied by 9 people
chemical
body structure level that involves interactions among atoms and their combination into molecules
organelle
body structure level that involves a small structure contained within a cell that performs one or more specific functions
cell
body structure level that involves the basic functional units of life; differ in structure and function
tissue
body structure level that involves a group of cells with similar structures and functions
organ
body structure level that involves two or more tissue types that work together to perform one or more common functiono
organ system
body structure level that involves a group of organs classified as a unit because of common functions or set of functions
organism
body structure level that involves any living thing considered as a whole
cavity
a fluid-filled space in that body that holds and protects internal organs
thoracic
the _____ cavity is surrounded by the rib cage and separated from the abdominal cavity by the diaphragm
thoracic
the _____ cavity contains the esophagus, trachea, thymus gland, heart, and both lungs, along with other structures
abdominal
the ____ cavity is bounded by the abdominal muscles below the thoracic cavity
abdominal
the ____ cavity contains the stomach, intestines, liver, spleen, pancreas, and kidneys
pelvic
the ____ cavity is enclosed by the bones of the pelvis
pelvic
the ____ cavity contains the urinary bladder, part of the intestines, and the internal reproductive organs
dorsal
the ____ cavity is the back of the human body, and it is subdivided into two cavities
cranial
the ____ cavity contains the brain
spinal
the ____ cavity contains the spinal cord
inferior
directional term that describes a structure below another
superior
directional term that describes a structure above another
anterior
directional term that describes toward the front of the body
posterior
directional term that describes toward the back of the body
dorsal
directional term that describes toward the back
ventral
directional term that describes toward the front
proximal
directional term that describes closer to the point of attachment to the body than another structure
distal
directional term that describes farther from the point of attachment to the body
lateral
directional term that describes away from the midline of the body
medial
directional term that describes toward the middle or midline of the body
superficial
directional term that describes toward or on the surface
deep
directional term that describes away from the surface
anterosuperior
directional term that describes in front or above
midline
directional term that describes a median line
supine position
directional term that describes lying flat with face and torso facing upward
prone position
directional term that describes lying face down
sagittal plane
plane that runs vertically through the body and separates the body into left and right parts
midsagittal plane
plane that divides the body into two equal halves
transverse plane
plane that runs parallel to the surface of the ground and divides the body into superior and inferior planes
coronal plane
plane that runs vertically from left to right and divides the body into anterior and posterior parts
upper limbs
the arm, forearm, wrist, and hand are considered ____ ____
lower limb
the thigh, leg, ankle, and foot are considered ____ ____
central region
the neck and trunk are considered in the ____ ____
head region
the entire head is in the ____ ___
connective
type of tissue characterized by extracellular material that separates cells from one another
connective
tissue that encloses, separates, and connects tissues to one another; also used for support, moving, storing, cushioning, insulating, transporting, and protecting
immune system cells and blood
connective tissue examples
epithelial
type of tissue classified according to number of cell layers and shapes
epithelial
tissue that protects underlying structures, acts as a barrier, secretes substances, and permits the passage or substances
skin, lining of internal organs
examples of epithelial tissue
muscle
tissue whose cells resemble long threads and are called fibers
muscle
tissue that provides movement in the body
heart, organs of digestive system
example of muscular tissue
neural
type of tissue whose cells are composed of dendrites, cell bodies, and axons
neural
type of tissue that coordinates and controls many body activities
brain, spinal cord
examples of neural tissue
connective
e
epithelial
type of tissue shown above
muscle
type of tissue shown above
nervous
type of tissue shown above
homeostasis
the existence and maintenance of a relatively constant environment within the body
negative feedback
mechanism that regulates most systems of the body to maintain homeostasis; any deviation from the set point is made smaller or is resisted
positive feedback
mechanisms that are not homeostatic and rare in healthy individuals; when a deviation from the normal value occurs, response of the system is to make deviation even greater, creating a cycle leading away from homeostasis
positive
inadequate delivery of blood to cardiac muscle is an example of a _____ feedback mechanism
negative
the maintenance of normal blood pressure is an example of a _____ feedback mechanism
blood
type of fluid connective tissue that circulates throughout the body, carrying substances to and say from bodily issues
7.4
pH of blood
plasma
extracellular matrix element of blood
erythrocytes
red blood cells that participate in gas exchange with O2 and CO2
leukocytes
white blood cells that protect the body from foreign substances by eliciting an immune response
thrombocytes
platelets in blood that aid in blood clotting and wound healing
92
plasma is ___% water
5
the average volume of blood in the human body is __L
Buffy coat
<1% of blood and seen as the thin white layer between plasma and erythrocytes in blood centrifuge; made up of platelets and leukocytes
plasma
makes up 55% of blood
erythrocytes
makes up 45% of blood
transportation, regulation, protection
3 primary functions of bloodwh
gases, nutrients, wastes, hormones
what does blood transport throughout the body
albumin
main protein in blood, accounting for roughly 60% of plasma proteins
vasodilation
the expansion of blood vessels
vasoconstriction
the contraction of blood vessels
vasodilate
when blood vessels ______, blood flows slowly, causing heat loss
vasoconstrict
when blood vessels ____, blood flow is reduced and less heat is released
platelets
part of blood that repairs broken blood vessels
hemostasis
physiological process that helps maintain blood in its fluid states and stops it from leaking out of a damaged blood vessel through clot formation
antigens
cells found on the surface of a blood cell that differentiates the blood group
antibodies
blood proteins found in plasma that helps differentiate what blood group
A
blood group ___ displays A antigens and B antibodies
B
blood group ___ displays B antigens and A antibodies
O
blood group ___ does not display A or B antigens and both A and B antibodies
AB
blood group ___ displays type A and B antigens but neither in the plasma
O
blood type who is universal blood donor
AB
blood type who is universal acceptor
cardiovascular
the ____ system circulates substances throughout the body using blood as a transporting mechanism
tricuspid
the ____ valve regulates blood flow between the right atrium and right ventricle
pulmonary
the ____ valve regulates blood flow from the right ventricle into the pulmonary artery
mitral
the ____ valve regulates blood flow between the left atrium and left ventricle
aortic
the ____ valve regulates blood flow from the left ventricle to the aorta
aorta
largest artery in body
capillaries
____ have thin walls and a very large surface area
septum
muscular structure that separates the atria from the ventricles
pericardium
outer layer of the heart
myocardium
middle layer of the heart
Note 
Flashcard (32)