Astrology Exam 1

Keplers First law

States that planets move in elliptical orbits around the Sun, with the Sun at one focus of the ellipse.

Keplers Second Law

Planets move faster in the parts of its orbit nearer the sun and slower when farther from the sun, sweeping out equal areas in equal time.

Keplers Third Law

More distant planets orbit the Sun at slower average speeds obeying the precise mathematical relationship, p² =a³

what does the “p'“ stand for in the equation p² =a³?

The "p" represents the orbital period of a planet, measured in years.

what does the “a” stand for in the equation, p² =a³?

The "a" represents the semi-major axis of a planet's orbit, measured iWn astronomical units (AU).

What is Stellar Parallax?

Change of perspective

Why can we not see Stellar Parallax?

because the stars are so far away that their apparent movement is too small to detect with the naked eye.

What is the heliocentric model?

the Sun is at the center of the solar system, with the Earth and other planets orbiting around it.

Ptolemaic Model

an Earth-centered model of the universe, where the Earth is fixed and all celestial bodies revolve around it.

Apparent retrograde motion

Circles in circles, where a planet appears to move backward in its orbit for a short period of time.

Who is Tycho Brahe?

A wealthy prince where he collected data of space during his time and passed that data to Kepler before he passes away.

Who is Copernicus?

He was one of the people to argue for the Heliocentric model but did not release his book till he had died so his church would not punish him.

Who is Arichstarchus?

He was the first person to argue for the helio centric model.

What is an ellipse?

A geometric shape that represents the orbit of planets around the sun, characterized by two foci, where the sum of the distances from any point on the ellipse to the two foci is constant.

What were the objections against Galileo (Heliocentric model)

1. heavers were perfect, made out of perfect circles

2. stellar parallax, the people could not see it with their own eyes

3. If earth was moving, we did we not feel it?

What were the answers against the objections on Galileo?

1. Craters on the moon proving that the heavens were not perfect

2. Jupiters moons not orbiting earth

3. Phases of Venus

   *Ptolemaic model has less phases (New and Crescent)

   *Copernican model has all of the phases

Who is Isaac Newton?

Father of physics who made the laws of motion and universal law of gravitation which explains kepler’s laws of planetary motion

1st Law of Motion

Inertia- An object moves at constant velocity unless a net force acts to change its speed or direction (Something is moving with something else)

2nd Law of Motion

• Fundamental Physical Quantities (Distance and Time is Basic Physics and area,volume, etc is drived physical quantities from physical quantities)

• Mass/Inertia-Resistance to motion

• M=F/a

3rd Law of Motion

• For any force, there is always an equal and opposite reaction force (Force —> Interaction)

• Universe- One world

The force of gravity formula

F=G*m1*m2/r²

How does objects orbit the earth?

the object moves so fast that the curvature path matches the curvature of the earth underneath it.

What is the steps of Scientific Method?

1. Makse observations

2. Ask a ququestion suggests hypothesis

3. make a prediction

4. perform a test, experiment or additional observation

How can something be Scientific?

1. better explanation (more specific)

2. compared and tested

3. precise predictions