[BACTE] Gram Positive Cocci

Catalase test

Separates staphylococcus from streptococcus

Tryptic soy agar

Colonies for catalase test must be from what media

Blood has catalase = false positive

Why do we not use blood agar for catalase test

Micrococcus

Micrococcus / staph

- bacitracin susceptible

Stapohylococcus

Micrococcus / Staph

- Furazolidone susceptible

- Lysostaphin sensitive

Micrococcus

Micrococcus / Staph

- Microdase test positive (blue)

Staphylococcus

grape-like clusters

S. saprophyticus

common cause of UTI that is nitrite negative

S. epidermidis

Biofilm formation -- infects prosthetic devices

S. saprophyticus

2nd most common cuase of uncomplicated UTI in oung women

S. saprophyticus

causes "Honeymooner's cystitis"

S. aureus

golden colonies on SBA

enterotoxin

staphylococcal food poisoning is caused by a preformed toxin that is HEAT RESISTANT

-- associated with mayonnaise in potato or egg salad

exfoliative toxin

scalded skin syndrome is caused by what toxin

impetigo

cutaneous infection characterized by crusty (honey crusted) lesions

-- caused by: S. aureus & S. pyogenes

S. aureus

acute bacterial endocarditis

- no pre existing valve diisease

S. viridans

subacute bacterial endocarditis

S. aureus

osteomyelitis in children

Salmonella

Osteomyelitis in sickle cell patient

protein A

Binds Fc region of IgG. Prevents opsonization and phagocytosis. Expressed by S. aureus.

hyaluronidase

spreading factor

enterotoxin F

old name for TSST-1

Streptolysin S

Is oxygen stable and is responsible for the hemolytic zones around streptococcal colonies growing on the surface

Streptolysin O

oxygen labile; antigenic

S. pyogenes

impetigo - honey crusted lesions

S. pyogenes

scarlet fever

- s/s "sandpaper" skin

- strawberry tongue

S. pyogenes

necrotizing fasciitis (flesh eating disease)

Rheumatic fever

Glomerulonephritis

2 secondary infections that can arise from streptococcal pyogenes

Dick's test

susceptibility test for scarlet fever

(+) redness, erythema

Schultz Charlton test

Diagnostic test for current scarlet fever

(+) blanching phenomenon

ASO titer

indicates recent S. pyogenes infection

S. agalactiae

neonatal septicemia, neonatal meningitis

S. agalactiae

CAMP +

Hippurate hydrolysis +

S. pneumoniae

Lancet shaped diplococci

antiphagocytic capsular polysaccharide

principal virulence factor of S. pneumoniae

S. pneumoniae

causes lobar pneumonia -- rusty sputum

S. pneumoniae

most common cause of bacterial meningitis in ADULTS

S. sanguinis

which types of Viridans streptococci are associated with Subacute bacterial endocarditis at damaged heart valves?

S. mutans

S. mitis

which types of Viridans streptococci are associated with dental caries

Enterococci

Enterococci / non-enterococci

- Growth at 10C (+)

- Growth in 6.5% NaCl (+)

FALSE

TRUE/FALSE

- Enterococcus causes diarrhea

S. bovis

Streptococcus associated with colon cancer

B. anthrasis

the only true pathogenic bacillus

Bacillus and Clostridium

spore formers

B. anthracis

causes anthrax

B. anthracis

Woolsorter's disease

Woolsorter's disease

most lethal form of anthrax

Protective antigen

edema factor

lethal factor

anthrax toxin is made up of 3 proteins:

edema toxin

responsible for cell and tissue edema

- EF + PA

Lethal toxin

cause of death in infected animals and humans

- LF + PA

B. anthracis

boxcar appearance

encapsulated

B. anthracis from patient is seen as

Spore forming

Bamboo pole arrangement

B. anthracis from culture is characterized as

medusa head

colonies of Bacillus anthracis

String of Pearls test

rounds up in media supplemented with penicillin

food poisoning

B. cereus causes

Emetic

Diarrheal

2 types of food poisoning caused B. cereus

emetic type

Associated with fried rice

diarrheal type

Associated with meat dishes and sauces

preformed emetic toxin

what is ingested in emetic type of food poisoning

spores

what is ingested in diarrheal type of food poisoning

B. cereus

bacillus with swarming motility

Corynebacterium diphtheriae

Kleb-Loeffler's bacillus

C. diphtheriae

Chinese letter/picket fence

black colonies

C. diphtheriae in tinsdale media

Metachromatic granules

isolated C. diphtheriae in Loeffler's media

C. diphtheriae

Loeffler serum agar (+) poached egg colonies

Schick's test

skin test for C. diphtheriae

C. diphtheriae

Elek's and Schick's test are for?

C. pseudodiphtheriticum

C. ulcerans

C. pseudotuberculosis

Non lipophilic coryneform bacteria

C. jeikeium

C. urealyticum

Lipophilic coryneform bacteria

C. pseudodiphtheriticum

hoffman's bacillus

Listeria monocytogenes

tumbling motility

L. monocytogenes

salicin (+)

L. monocytogenes

CAMP test POSITIVE that causes SHOVEL-LIKE HEMOLYSIS

L. monocytogenes

Anton's test is for?

Corynebacteria

salicin (-)

L. monocytogenes

granulomatosis infantiseptica

Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae

causes erysipeloid (seal finger, whale finger), "Fish handler's disease"; microaerophilic; produces H2S

NAC

2-4% NaOH

digestants for digestion and concentration of sputum

Lowenstein-Jensen agar

Mycobacterium culture media that contains egg glycerol and is good for niacin test

Middlebrook 7H10 and 7H11

Clear mycobacterium agar that is good for antimicrobial susceptibility test

glycerol

common component of culture medias for mycobacterium that enhances the human strain of M. tuberculosis

Niacin test

best test for M. tuberculosis (+)

Runyon group II and III

enzymatic hydrolysis of Tween 80

- positive in 5 days

M. tubercuosis

enzymatic hydrolysis of Tween 80

- positive in 10-20 days

M. tuberculosis +

M. bovis -

Mycobacterium - NITRATE REDUCTION

M/ tuberculosis

M. bovis

ALL mycobacterium are catalase positive except (2)

-- negative after incubation at 69C for 30 mins

M. fortuitum

mycobacterium positive growth in MacConkey agar

arylsulfatase test

Test for Rapid growers of Mycbacteria

M. tuberculosis

Rough & buff, cauiflower like serpentine cording on culture

moist heat

boiling for 10 mins

Pasteurization

Steam under pressure

M. tuberculosis is easily killed by (4)

M. ulcerans

buruli ulcers in africa

M. marinum

M asiaticum

M. simiae

M. kansasii

Photochromogens

- pigment produced in light only

M. scrofulaceum

M. szulgai

M. gordonae

M. flavescens

Scotocromogens II

pigment produced in dark as well as in light

M. avium-intracellulare

M. malmoense

M. haemophilum

M. terrae-trivale

M. xenopi

Non photochromogens III

pigment absent

M. phlei

M. smegmatis

M. fortuitum-chelonae complex

Rapid growers (2-7 days)

M. avium complex

Most common pathogen causing disseminated infections in AIDS patients

M. leprae

Hansen's disease (leprosy)

- obligate intracellular organism

lepra cell

macrophage containing acid fast bacilli