Tarrifs has hit

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What policy is China still operating under?

Reform and Open Up Policy

What was the trend for the shifting of power concentration from Mao to Hu, what is it now with Xi?

Power was shifting to collective leadershp with more concentration of power under Mao, and less under Hu. However, with Xi power is shifting back to being more concentrated.

What is leninism?

Democratic centralism

What is Maoism?

Marxism adapted to the Chinese context. Voluntaris,; Mass line; Campaigns; Struggle and class struggle. Continous Revolution.

Ideology under Deng

Pragmatism, economic development + authoritarian political control, ideology less important.

What is Deng’s legacy, Mao’s?

Today’s Chinese government is determined by Deng, becuase they are still adopting reform. Mao’s legacy was shaped by Deng, because he decided there was still virtues in Mao’s ideas.

What were the three era’s of Mao’s politics with the transtion from capitalism to socialism to communism?

Reconstruction and Consolidation: “New Democracy”; Build a new regime and rebuild a war-torn country.

Transition to Socialism: following the Soviet Model and collectivization efforts.

Periods of Expierements and Disasters: The Hunderd Flowers Campaign; the Anti-Rightist Campaign; the Great Leap Forward and the Famine.

Mao as an autocrat and a “revolutionary romantic.”

China’s economy under Deng.

Privitazation of the economy through socialism with Chinese characteristics. Household responsibility system, TVE’s and SEZ’s. A lot of these are still in China today (except for the Household responsibility system)

Politics and society under Mao.

Party state system: Established the dual party-state system; Party branches way more important

Local government supposed to follow orders from the center, under attack at times

Politics and Society Under Deng

More seperation of party and state: Party branches remain most power, but executive functions normally. Local government institutions are empowered, and people can vote for local leaders in the villages.

Is the CCP a Totalitarian regime?

No, the party cares about staying in power, but not achiving the society so much it achieves communism.

How do institutions operate in autocratic regimes like China?

Formal institutions are not strong enough to constrain political elites, but they are still very important for the stability of Authoritarian regimes.

What does Nathan observe about instuitions in China?

• They are for institutional changes in china

• Norm based succession politics

• Specialization of specific institution

What did Fewsmith argue about institutions in China?

Use of mobilization, undermines functional specialization, and personal loyalties are prioritized over expierence

What is the state of succession politics?

Mao sucked at choosing a successor, Deng to Jiang to Hu- was norm based political succession, Xi- has not named a successor.

True or False: Confucianism grants the emperor legitimacy without conditions

False

True or False: The imperial bureaucratic system took on characteristics associated with modern bureaucracy in the West, such as highly defined offices, merit-based appointments, clearly articulated reward structures, considerable specialization in functions, highly developed formal systems of communism, detailed rules concerning proper lines of authority, regularized reporting obligations, formalized structure for monitoring compliance and deviance.

True

3. What is the correct chronological order of these events?

A) Self-Strengthening Movement, the (first) Sino-Japanese War, Hundred Days Reform, The 1911 Revolution

B) the (first) Sino-Japanese War, Self-Strengthening Movement, Hundred Days Reform, The 1911 Revolution

C) Hundred Days Reform, Self-Strengthening Movement, the (first) Sino-Japanese War, The 1911 Revolution

D) The 1911 Revolution, Self-Strengthening Movement, the (first) Sino-Japanese War, Hundred Days Reform

A) Self-Strengthening Movement, the (first) Sino-Japanese War, Hundred Days Reform, The 1911 Revolution

4. Which statement is incorrect about the Republic of China?

A) It was established following the fall of imperial China.

B) It experienced external war.

C) It is ruled by the Chinese Communist Party.

D) It saw the rise of an opposition party.

C) It is ruled by the Chinese Communist Party.

How can the Communist strategies during the Golden Years (1949–1952) be best characterized?

A) Pragmatic approach not following the Soviet model

B) Moderately pragmatic, permitting individual ownership while gradually transitioning to socialism

C) Rapid transition into socialism and rapid collectivization

D) Implementation of Mao’s concept of continuous revolution

B) Moderately pragmatic, permitting individual ownership while gradually transitioning to socialism

What was the significant about the Lushan Conference?

A) Adoption of the Great Leap Forward policy

B) A top leader’s attempt to challenge Mao’s Great Leap Forward policy, resulting in Mao dismissing the dissent

C) Mao began his own retreat to the so-called “second front” of leadership

D) Concerted efforts were ordered to combat the Leap’s excesses

B) A top leader’s attempt to challenge Mao’s Great Leap Forward policy, resulting in Mao dismissing the dissent

Which of the following is usually NOT a characteristic of a totalitarian regime?

A) The state exercises complete control over the economy.

B) Political power is concentrated in the hands of a limited number of party leaders.

C) There is legal protection of citizens’ rights in private spheres.

D) The regime champions a unified ideological goal across all aspects of society.

C) There is legal protection of citizens’ rights in private spheres.

During the early stage of the Cultural Revolution in China, how was the campaign primarily executed?

A) Through a top-down approach where higher-ranked officials purged those below them.

B) By mobilizing the general populace, especially the young people, to participate actively in the campaign.

C) By the military intervening extensively in all sectors of society and government.

D) By employing security apparatuses, such as the police, to purge people in all sectors of society and government.

B) By mobilizing the general populace, especially the young people, to participate actively in the campaign.

Which statement correctly describes the actions of the Red Guards during the Cultural Revolution?

A) The Red Guards aimed to preserve China’s traditional culture during the Cultural Revolution.

B) The Red Guards were involved in the beatings and killings of teachers suspected of counter-revolutionary activities.

C) The Red Guards were a centralized and unified body created by the government.

D) The Red Guards focused primarily on reinforcing the party-state apparatus.

B) The Red Guards were involved in the beatings and killings of teachers suspected of counter-revolutionary activities.

1. What was the primary target of the Campaign Against “Spiritual Pollution” in Deng's era (the aspect the campaign aimed to reduce)? (hint: Reading One)

A. Certain liberal, mostly foreign, influences.

B. Traditional Chinese culture and values.

C. Elements detrimental to mental health.

D. Environmental conservation and pollution control.

A. Certain liberal, mostly foreign, influences.

2. Which element is NOT typically associated with economic reform in China during its transition period? (hint: Reading Two)

A. Adhoc responses to pressure from society

B. Full privatization

C. Gradual price reform

D. A positive feedback loop, where reform begets further reform

B. Full privatization

1. Which statement best captures the Communist Party of China in the present day?

A. The Communist Party of China is the vanguard of the Chinese working class, so only workers can join the party.

B. It mainly represents the interests of peasants and workers, so these two groups can become party members.

C. It has broadened its scope to include private businessmen within the party.

D. It mainly works as a revolutionary party that seeks to bring about deep-rooted changes in the existing system.

C. It has broadened its scope to include private businessmen within the party.

True-or-false: Under Jiang Zemin and Hu Jintao’s leadership, China shifted its focus entirely away from economic growth to focus solely on political reforms.

False

True or False Hu Jintao’s rise to power was part of an orderly process of political succession initiated by his predecessors.

True