Modern World History

Enlightenment

Culture and intellectual movement in 18th century using reason and logic

Philosophes

French term meaning philosopher who advocated reasoning to solve societys problems

Natural law

unchanging moral principals regarded as a basis for all human conduct

Original state of mankind(Hobbes and locke)

Hobbes- Cruel, greedy selfish.

Locke- Good and reasonable.

Divine right or social contract.(Hobbes and locke)

Hobbes- Social contract

Locke- Social contract

Why government(Hobbes and Locke)

Hobbes-Protect ourselfs

Locke-Protect natural rights

Where does sovereignty reside (Hobbes Locke)

Hobbes-With the monarch

Locke- With the people.

Can a government power be limited (Hobbes and Locke)

Hobbes-NO

Locke-Yes

Right to revolution(Hobbes and Locke)

Hobbes-No

Locke-Yes

Salon

Social gathering where people met to discuss ideas, politics, and literature in the 17th and 18th centuries.

Women

Natural right to home and family.

Enlightened Despots

European monarchs who were inspired by the enlightenment to rule justly and respect the rights of subjects

Thomas Hobbes

People were bad.

Wrote leviathan

People should enter social contract

John locke

Wrote two treaties of government.

Natural rights.

No absolute rule.

Jean Jacques

Majority rule.

Direct democracy

Vote for leaders

voltaire

Criticism in Christianity. Wanted freedom of religion

Montesquieu

Power into three branches

Adam Smith

Father of capitalism

Wrote wealth of nations

No government intervention in businesses

Lassez(Hands off)

Diderot

Put diagrams in encyclopedia

Angered french and Catholic church.

Censors banded the work.

Beccaria

No excessive punishment

No death penitently

Marry Wollstonecraft

Women rights

Catherine the great

Wanted to reform the legal system.

Frederick the great

Better education

Improved education.

Joseph 2

Angered the church.

Angered the nobles

Angered the serfs