Triplett- History Exam

4th carrier-room 104 185-multiple choice/matching 3-primary sources

Christopher Columbus

Caribbean1492 landed on the island of Hispaniola in the Carribian sea, afterwards Europeans steadily began crossing gate Atlantic and Americas

Declaration of Independence

written by Thomas Jefferson the original intent was to give reasons for independence but it also served as a basis for the rights that would be adopted by the country (equality, the rights of life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness)

George Washington

when war broke out between America and Britain, America was led by

articles of confederation

as the new states gained their independence they established a new government under a constitution called, gave little power to the central government and gave states great freedom to enact their own laws

Great Compromise

Compromise made by Constitutional Convention in which states would have equal representation in one house of the legislature and representation based on population in the other house

federalism

power is divided between central and state governments

Louisiana Purchase

territory sold by the French to the US and nearly doubled the size of the US

Trail of Tears

in 1838 federal troops forced many Cherokees to travel from the Southeastern US to Oklahoma with thousands dying

Abolitionists

both slaves and some northerners began arguing and resisting slavery

Suffrage

the ability to vote

Manifest Destiny

the belief that it was America's God given destiny to expand to all lands in America

Dred Scott

Supreme Court ruled his case that African Americans ere not citizens when the Constitution was established and therefore did not have the same rights under the constitution

Abraham Lincoln

Won the election of 1860

Confederate states of America

almost immediately after the election several southern states secede from the Union and form a new country

Robert E Lee

led the confederates, experienced officer form Virginia

Ulysses S Grant

Lincoln promoted him to lead the Union forces and won a series of battles

total war

a strategy where not only troops but all resources needed to feed clothe and support an army were targeted

13th amendment

made slavery illegal

Reconstruction

a period in which the federal gov. controlled the seceded states

Freedmen's Bureau

A federal agency created to provide for enslaved people who were emancipated

Andrew Johnson

The 17th president, he wanted to restore the seceded states ASAP

Black Codes

Restricted rights and opportunities. They also kept them as landless workers

14th Amendment

granted equality under law for all citizens, it burned Confederate officials from holding power in state or federal office

Military Reconstruction Act of 1867

Divided the seceded states into 5 different military districts

Impeach

the act of bringing charges against a public official in order to determine whether he or she should be removed from office

15th Amendment

Forbid the right to sufferage based on color or race

Scalawags

A negative term for Southerner whites who supported the republican party

Carpetbagger

a negative term for Northerners who moved to the south

Segregation

forced separation by race

Integration

process of bringing races, religions, and social classes together

Ku Klux Klan

A secret society formed in the south, to promote white supremacy and deny African Americans their new rights

Compromise of 1877

Ended Reconstruction. Republicans promise 1) Remove military from South, 2) Appoint Democrat to cabinet (David Key postmaster general), 3) Federal money for railroad construction and levees on Mississippi river

Rutherford B. Hayes

19th president of the United States, was a part of the Hayes-Tilden election in which electoral votes were contested in 4 states, the most corrupt election in US history

Jim Crow Laws

State laws passed throughput the south to enforce racial segregation of public facilities

Poll Tax

laws that required you to pay a fee to vote

Literacy Test

had to be able to read and write in order to vote

Grandfather Clause

Were allowed to vote if your ancestor could and had voted prior to 1866 or 1867

Lynch

is to be murdered by a mob without any due process

Plessy v. Ferguson

a 1896 Supreme Court decision which legalized state ordered segregation so long as the facilities for blacks and whites were equal

Booker T. Washington

founded Tuskegee Institute, and argued to not focus on overturning Jim Crow Laws

W.E.B. Du Bois

Argued that African Americans should argue for full equality

Ida B. Wells

she wanted to Shed light on the poor treatment of black people and the practice of lynching

Entrepreneur

People who build and manage their own businesses and enterprises to make a profit

Laissez-faire

A French word that meant "leave it alone" this is the absence of government control over personal and economic life

Protective Tariffs

Taxes on imported goods which made them cost more than goods made in the US

Patent

A grant by the federal government giving an inventor exclusive right to develop, use and sell and invention for a set period of time

Thomas Edison

American inventor who held over 100 patents, including the light bulb and the early movie camera

Alexander Graham Bell

patented the telephone

Mass Production

Provocation of goods in large numbers, quickly and inexpensively

Corporation

a form of business ownership, where several people share ownership of the business; a corporation has the same rights as an individual

John D. Rockefeller

American industrialist and philanthropist. He began the Standard Oil Company and dominated the oil industry w/ innovative and aggressive business practices

Monopoly

complete control of a product or service

Horizontal Integration

The system of a product or service

Andrew Carnegie

Began Carnegie steel. He also created Charitable trust foundation and provided money to cultural and educational institution

Vertical Integration

a system consolidating firms involved in all steps of a product's manufacture

Sweatshops

a small factory where employees work long hours under poor conditions for low wages

Socialism

an economic system that favors public rather than private, control of property and income

Ellis Island

island in New York Harbor that served as an immigration station for millions of immigrants arriving in America

Urbanization

movement of people from rural to urban areas

Skyscrapers

Tall buildings built in cities

Suburbs

Residential areas surrounding a city.

Tenement

Low-cost multi-family housing designed to squeeze as many families as possible

Gilded age

term by Mark Twain to describe the post-reconstruction era/ a facade of prosperity

Mass Culture

Similar cultural patterns throughout a society spread transportation, communication, and advertising

reservations

areas of federal land set aside for American Indians

sand creek massacre

incident in which Colorado militia attacked a camp of Cheyenne and Arapaho Indians some of who were under US army protection

fort Laramie treaty

• treaty between the federal gov and the souix

• the gov agreed to not build a road through their territory and abandon 3 forts and left the black hills in the souix reservation

• the souix agreed to live on a reservation under federal supervision

sitting bull

A war chief and important spiritual leader who became the first-ever chief of all the Lakota Sioux bands in the 1860s.

chief Joseph

led his followers on an unsuccessful flight to escape confinement on a reservation , 1st send to Oklahoma they were eventually returned to a new reservation in Washington state however joseph was unable to secure their return to their tribal homeland

assimilate

absorb into the main culture of a society

vigilante

self-appointed law enforcer

Transcontential Railroad

Railroad line linking the eastern and western US

exodusters

African Americans who left the south and headed to the west after the civil war

spoils system

the practice of a successful political party giving public office to its supporters.

boss tweed

William Tweed, head of Tammany Hall, NYC's powerful democratic political machine in 1868. Between 1868 and 1869 he led the Tweed Reign, a group of corrupt politicians in defrauding the city

civil service

the group of people whose job it is to carry out the work of the government

populist party

political party formed in 1891 to advocate a larger money supply and other economic reforms

William Jennings Bryan

a Democratic and Populist leader who ran unsuccessfully three times for the U.S. presidency. During his career as a lawyer, politician, and speaker, he fought for reforms such as the income tax, Prohibition, and women's suffrage.

Battle of Little Bighorn

In 1876, Indian leaders Sitting Bull and Crazy Horse defeated Custer's troops who tried to force them back on to the reservation, Custer and all his men died

wounded knee

In 1890, after killing Sitting Bull, the 7th Cavalry rounded up Sioux at this place in South Dakota and 300 Natives were murdered and only a baby survived.

political machines

Corrupt organized groups that controlled political parties in the cities. A boss leads the machine and attempts to grab more votes for his party.

election of 1896

Republican William McKinley defeated Democratic-Populist "Popocrat" William Jennings Bryan. 1st election in 24 years than Republicans won a majority of the popular vote. McKinley won promoting the gold standard, pluralism, and industrial growth.

progressivism

The movement in the late 1800s to increase democracy in America by curbing the power of the corporation. It fought to end corruption in government and business, and worked to bring equal rights of women and other groups that had been left behind during the industrial revolution.

muckrakers

writer who uncovers and exposes misconduct in politics or business

Upton sinclair

novelist whose most famous work the Jungle detailed the unsanitary and unsafe conditions in Chicagos stockyards

social gospel

Reform movement that emerged in the late 19th century that sought to improve society by applying Christian principles

settlement house

A community center that provided social services to the urban poor.

Jane Addams

leader of the settlement house movement she opened hull house in Chicago

triangle shirtwaist factory

March 1911 fire in New York factory killing 146 people these deaths led to the passage of laws to make workplaces safe

17th amendment

1913 allowed citizens to approve or reject laws passed by a legislature

temperance movement

An organized campaign to eliminate alcohol consumption

19th amendment

Gave women the right to vote

americanization

Belief that assimilating immigrants into American society would make them more loyal citizens

national association for the advancement of colored people

organization founded to abolish segregation and discrimination and to achieve political and vivil rights for African Americans

anti defamation league

organization formed in 1913 to defend Jews against physical and verbal attacks and false statements

Theodore roosevelt

served as governor of New York before becoming vice president in 1901 Roosevelt became the youngest man to assume the presidency soon after he was known for his anti monopoly and conservation policies he made an unsuccessful bid for another term in 1912 ad the candidate of the progressive party

square deal

Roosevelts program of reforms to keep the wealthy and powerful from taking advantage of small business owners and the poor

Woodrow wilson

expanded the power of the presidency to promote a far reaching form agenda

16th amendment

1913 constitutional amendment that gave Congress the authority to levy an income tax

federal reserves act

law that placed national banks under the control of a federal reserve board which operates regional banks that hold the reserve funds from commercial banks sets interest rates and supervises commercial banks