Philo lesson 7

Freedom

social and political concept which has great significance in how people participate in society.

Positive Liberty

refers to a person taking control of his or her own life and fulfilling one’s potential.

Negative Liberty

freedom from external restraint, barriers, and other interferences from other people.

Liberalism

upholds the preservation of individual rights and stresses the role of the government in protecting these civil liberties.

Libertarianism

believes that the individual, not the government, is the best judge in upholding exercising rights.

Socialism

considers freedom as the freedom to acquire economic resources and the ability to work and act according to one’s desires.

Natural Rights

refer to rights that are innate in the person such as the right to life. These rights are considered universal and inalienable.

Legal Rights

rights that are based on society’s customs and laws that are enacted by legislation and enforced by a government.

Human Agency

refers to the capacity of a person to act and exert control over his or her behavior.

Free will

which is the capacity to choose from alternative courses of action or decision.

Free action

the freedom to perform an action without any obstacles or hindrances.

Human Acts

are voluntary actions, where an individual has motive and full knowledge of the action.

Acts of man

are involuntary actions, these are actions that occur naturally in the human being such as the functioning of the senses, and actions that occur without the knowledge of the agent such as sleepwalking.

Faculties Model

refers to free will as the use of our mental faculties. It assumes that we have free will due to our intellect because each human action is based on rationality and sound judgment.

Hierarchical Model

argues that free will is based on human wants and desires. An individual is faced with various wants and desires that need to be met.

Reasons-Responsive View

believes that man has free will because he or she is able to entertain reasons not to enact a certain decision and act upon them when the need arises.

Determinism

is a philosophical view that believes that every event in the world is brought about by underlying causes or factors.

Moral Responsibility

refers to a person’s status of deserving praise and reward, or blame and punishment for an action.