Ap Bio 12 Ch 6 - pt 2 Catabolic pathways

Glycolysis

"splitting of sugar", breaks down glucose into two molecules of pyruvate

Where does glycoslysis occur?

In the cytoplasm

Two major phases of glycolysis

Energy investment phase ("activation energy") and energy payoff phase

When does pyruvate enter the mitochondrion

In the presence of O2

What must pyruvate be converted to first before the citric acid cycle can begin?

Acetyl CoA (Acetyl coenzyme A)

Where does the citric acid cycle (Krebs cycle) take place in the cell?

In the mitochondrial matrix

What does the citric acid cycle do?

oxidizes organic fuel derived from pyruvate, generating 1 ATP, 3 NADH, 1 FADH2, and 2 CO2 per turn

How many steps does the citric acid cycle have, where each are catalyzed by a specific enzyme?

eight

What does Coenzyme A combine with to make Acetyl CoA?

Pyruvate

How does the acetyl group of acetyl CoA join the citric acid cycle?

by combining with oxaloacetate, forming citrate

What relays electrons extracted from food to the electron transport chain?

NADH and FADH2 produced by the citric acid cycle