Spinal Anatomy-Palmer, Beverage (Exam 2 Objectives)

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How many TYPICAL thoracic vertebrae are there?

7

How many ATYPICAL thoracic vertebrae are there?

5

What thoracic vertebrae are considered to be typical vertebrae?

T2-T8

Is the anterior or posterior vertebral height greater in the thoracic vertebrae?

Posterior

How much greater is the posterior vertebral height, compared to the anterior height?

1-2mm

What orientation do the Laminae form from one vertebrae to the next?

Shingling

What thoracic vertebrae have a greater width between the left and right superior articular processes, compared to the width between the left and right inferior articular processes?

T2-T4

Which thoracic vertebrae have equal distance between there left and right superior and inferior articular processes?

T5-T8

What is the name of the region of the lamina between the superior and inferior articular processes?

Pars Interarticularis

Where does the transverse process terminate within?

Transverse Tubercle

What supports the transverse costal facet?

Transverse Tubercle

What is the orientation of the transverse costal facet from T2-T6?

Concave

What is the orientation of the transverse costal facet from T7-T8?

Flat

What level of thoracic vertebral bodies can the aortic impression be found?

T5-T8

What side of the vertebral bodies of T5-T8 is the aortic impression found on?

Left

Compression on the left side of the superior and inferior epiphyseal rims of T5-T8 creates what?

Aortic Impression

How many costocentral joint surfaces are on a typical thoracic vertebrae?

4

What is the name of the costocentral joint surfaces that articulates with its associated rib head? (T5 with Rib 5)

Superior Costal Demi-Facet

What is the name of the costocentral joint surfaces that articulates with the rib head of the next rib? (T5 with Rib 6)

Inferior Costal Demi-Facet

What thoracic vertebrae consists of a COMPLETE superior costal facet and an inferior costal Demi-facet?

T1

What vertebrae may or may not have an inferior costal Demi-facet?

T9

At what level do the ribs begin to articulate ONLY with its corresponding vertebrae?

T10

What vertebrae have ONLY a single costal facet?

T10-T12

What vertebra can the single costal facets be found below the superior epiphyseal rims, close to the pedicle?

T11-T12

What joint type is found between the rib head and the vertebral bodies?

Costocentral Joint

What joint type is found between the transverse costal facets and the articular surface of the tubercle of its associated rib?

Costotransverse Joint

What is the joint classification of costocentral joints and costotransverse joints?

Synovial Plane Joints/Diarthrosis Arthroidial

What is the joint classification of costocentral joints?

Synovial Plane Joints/Diarthrosis Arthroidial

What is the joint classification of costotransverse joint?

Synovial Plane Joints/Diarthrosis Arthroidial

What ligament supports the costocentral joint by stabilizing the joint?

Capsular Ligament

What ligament supports the costocentral joint by connecting the head of the rib to the vertebral bodies and intervertebral disc?

Radiate/Stellate Ligament

What ligament supports the costocentral joint by connecting the interarticular crest on the head of the rib to the associated intervertebral disc?

Intra-articular/Interarticular Ligament

What ligament supports the costotransverse joint by surrounding the articular surface on the rib tubercle and the transverse costal facet?

Capsular Ligament

What ligament supports the costotransverse joint by connecting the inferior border of the transverse process above to the neck of the rib below?

Superior Costotransverse Ligament

What ligament supports the costotransverse joint by connecting the anterior border of the transverse process to the posterior neck of the rib below?

Inferior Costotransverse Ligament

What ligament supports the costotransverse joint by connecting the non-articular surface of the ribs tubercle to the transverse tubercle at the same level?

Lateral Costotransverse Ligament

What is the joint classification of the 3 Costotransverse ligaments? (Superior, Inferior, and Lateral)

Fibrous Syndesmoses Joints

What do the following muscles all attach to?:

-Trapezius

-Latissimus dorsi

-Rhomboid major

-Serratus posterior superior

-Splenius cervicis/capitis

-Spinalis thoracis/cervicis/capitis

-Semispinalis thoracis

-Multifidus

-Rotators

-Interspinalis

Spinous Processes of T2-T8

Where does the interspinous and supraspinous ligaments attach?

Spinous Processes

What do the following muscles all attach to?:

-Trapezius

-Rhomboid minor

-Serratus posterior superior

-Splenius capitis

-Spinalis thoracis/cervicis/capitis

-Semispinalis thoracis

-Multifidus

-Rotators

-Interspinalis

Spinous Process of T1

What do the following muscles all attach to?:

-Trapezius

-Latissimus dorsi

-Multifidus

-Rotators

-Interspinalis

Spinous Processes of T9-T10

What do the following muscles all attach to?:

-Trapezius

-Latissimus dorsi

-Serratus posterior superior

-Iliocostalis Lumborum

-Spinalis thoracis

-Multifidus

-Rotators

-Interspinalis

Spinous Process of T12

What do the following muscles all attach to?:

-Longissimus thoracis, cervicis, capitis

-Semispinalis thoracis, cervicis, capitis

-Multifidus

-Rotator longus/brevis

-Intertransversarii

Transverse Processes of T2-T8

What do the following ligaments all attach to?:

-Intertransverse

-Capsular costotransverse

-Superior costotransverse

-Inferior costotransverse

-Lateral costotransverse

Transverse Processes of T1-T8

What do the following ligaments all attach to?:

-Capsular costotransverse

-Superior costotransverse

-Inferior costotransverse

-Lateral costotransverse

Transverse Process of T9

What do the following muscles all attach to?:

-Longissimus thoracic/cervicis/capitis

-Semispinalis cervicis/capitis

-Multifidus

-Rotators

-Intertransversarii

-Levator costarum brevis

Transverse Process of T1

What do the following muscles all attach to?:

-Longissimus thoracis

-Semispinalis thoracis

-Multifidus

-Rotators

-Intertransversarii

-Levator costarums

Transverse Process of T10

What do the following muscles all attach to?:

-Longissimus thoracis

-Semispinalis thoracis

-Multifidus

-Rotators

-Intertransversarii

-Levator costarum brevis

Transverse Process of T11

What do the following ligaments all attach to?:

-Intertransverse ligament

Transverse Processes of T10-T12

How many costocentral joint surfaces are on each typical vertebrae?

4

How many costotransverse joint surfaces are on each typical vertebrae?

2

How many SYNOVIAL joint surfaces are on a typical thoracic vertebra?

10

How many zygopophyseal joint surfaces are on a typical thoracic vertebra?

4

How many SYNOVIAL joint surfaces are on T1?

10

How many SYNOVIAL joint surfaces are on T9?

10

How many SYNOVIAL joint surfaces are on T10?

8

How many SYNOVIAL joint surfaces are on T11?

6

How many SYNOVIAL joint surfaces are on T12?

6

What do the following structures all stabilize?:

-Superior costotransverse ligament of T11

-Lumbocostal ligament of L1

12th Rib

What vertebrae has 3 tubercles? (Superior, Inferior, and Lateral)

T12

What is the smallest tubercle of T12 and is homologous of the accessory process?

Inferior Tubercle

What is the largest tubercle of T12 and is homologous of the mammillary process?

Superior Tubercle

What tubercle of T12 represents the transverse process?

Lateral Tubercle

What tubercle of T12 projects over the superior articular facet?

Superior Tubercle

What tubercle of T12 is below the superior tubercle and medial to the lateral tubercle?

Inferior Tubercle

What do the following make up?:

-Sternum

-Costal Cartilages

-Ribs

-T1-T12

Thoracic Cage

The following make up what wall of the thoracic cage?:

-Sternum

-Costal Cartilages

Anterior Wall

The following make up what wall of the thoracic cage?:

-Ribs

Lateral Walls

The following make up what wall of the thoracic cage?:

-T1-T12

Posterior Wall

The following make up what structure?:

-Manubrium

-Corpus Sterni/Body/Gladiolus

-Xiphoid Process

Sternum

What part of the sternum has the following characteristics?:

-Superior Portion

-Jugular Notches

-Clavicular Notches on superior border

-Costal Notches for Ribs 1 & 2

-Forms superior portion of manubriosternal symphysis joint

-Superoior aspect level with T2/T3 IVD

Manubrium

What part of the sternum has the following characteristics?:

-Consists of 4 Sternebrae

-Has transverse ridges/lines

-Costal Notches for Ribs 2-7

-Sternal Foramen (4-7% of people)

Corpus Sterni/Body/Gladiolus

What part of the sternum has the following characteristics?:

-Sword-like

-Cartilaginous extension of Corpus Sterni/Body/Gladiolus

-Gradually ossifies with age

-Attachment site of Diaphragm

-Anchors Rectus Abdominis

-Caudal end retains cartilage form

Xiphoid Process

What is the joint that is a fibrocartilaginous disc between the Manubrium and the Corpus Sterni/Body/Gladiolus?

Manubriosternal Symphysis Joint

What the joint of the sternum that is level with the inferior margin of T4?

Manubriosternal Symphysis Joint

What is the joint classification of the maubriosternal symphysis joint?

Cartilaginous Symphysis Joint

The following joints all can be found in what region of the body?:

-Interchondral

-Costochondral

-Sternal

-Sternaocostal/Sternochondral

Thorax

What joint of the thorax has the following characteristics?:

-Between Rib and Intercostal Cartilage

-Formed by Periosteum of the Bone Merging with Perichondrium of Cartilage

-Is a Cartilaginous (Amphiarthrosis) Joint

Costochondral Joint

What is the joint classification of the costoclavicular joint?

Cartilaginous (Amphiarthrosis) Joint

What joint of the thorax has the following characteristics?:

-Between Clavicle, Sternum, and 1st Rib

-Formed by the Interarticular Disc creating 2 synovial cavities

-Is supported by 4 other joints (A/P Sternoclavicular, Interclavicular, Costoclavicular)

-Is a Synovial Saddle (Diarthrosis Sellar) Joint

Sternoclavicular Joint

What is the classification of the sternoclavicular joint?

Synovial Saddle (Diarthrosis Sellar) Joint

How many sternochondral joints are there?

7

What joint of the thorax has the following characteristics?:

-Between Rib 1's Costal Cartilages and the Sternum

-Contains no Synovial Joint Space

-Has 2 supporting ligaments (A/P Radiate Sternocostal)

-Is a Cartilaginous Synchondrosis Joint

1st Sternochondral Joint

What is the Joint classification of the 1ST Sternochondral Joint?

Cartilaginous Synchondrosis Joint

What joint of the thorax has the following characteristics?:

-Between Rib 2's Costal Cartilage and Costal Notch 2

-Synovial Cavities are divided in two by Interarticular Ligament

-Has 3 Supporting Ligaments (A/P Radiate Sternocostal, Interarticular)

-Is a Synovial Plane Joint

2nd Sternochondral Joint

What joint of the thorax has the following characteristics?:

-Between Ribs 3-7's Costal Cartilages and Costal Notches 3-7

-2 Supporting Ligaments (A/P Radiate Sternocostal)

-Is a Synovial Plane Joint

3rd-7th Sternochondral Joints

What is the joint classification of the 2ND-7TH sternochondral joints?

Synovial Plane Joint

What joint of the thorax has the following characteristics?:

-Between Costal Cartilage Articulations (Beginning with Rib 5)

-2 Supporting Ligaments (A/P Interchondral)

-Is a Synovial Plane (Diarthrosis Arthrodial) Joint

Interchondral Joint

What is the joint classification of the interchondral joints?

Synovial Plane (Diarthrosis Arthrodial) Joint

What joint of the thorax has the following characteristics?:

-2 Joints (Manubriosternal, Xiphisternal)

Sternal Joint

What sternal joint has the following characteristics?:

-Form Angle of Louis

-Made up of Fibrocartilage

-Is a Cartilaginous (Amphiarthrosis) Symphysis Joint

Manubriosternal Joint

What is the joint classification of the 2 sternal joints?

Cartilaginous (Amphiarthrosis) Symphysis Joint

What sternal joint has the following characteristics?:

-Symphysis Between Xiphoid Process and Corpus Sterni/Body/Gladiolus

-Ossifies by ~40 years of age

Xiphisternal Joint

What ribs are considered "True" Ribs?

1-7

What ribs are considered "False" Ribs?

8-12

What type of rib has the following characteristics?:

-Costae Verae

-Connects Directly to the Sternum

True Ribs

What type of rib has the following characteristics?:

-Costae Spuriae

-Do Not Directly connect to the Sternum

False Ribs

Which false ribs connect INDIRECTLY to the sternum?

Ribs 8-10

Which false ribs DO NOT connect to the sternum and are considered to be "Floating" Ribs?

Ribs 11 & 12

What portion of a rib has the following characteristics?:

-2 Articular Surfaces (Superior, Inferior)

-Articular Surfaces separated by the interarticular crest

-Articulates with 2 Vertebrae via Demi-Facets

-Forms Costocentral Joint

-Is a Synovial Plane (Diarthrosis Arthrodial) Joint

Head of Rib