world war 1 and the 1920s test

western front

the main battleground of World War I where extensive trench systems defined the military engagements between 1914 and 1918.

lustiana

A British ocean liner sunk by a German U-boat in 1915, leading to significant loss of life and influencing public opinion against Germany during World War I.

zimmerman note

A secret diplomatic communication from Germany to Mexico proposing a military alliance against the United States during World War I, which was intercepted and sparked public outrage.

selective service act

A law passed in 1917 that authorized the U.S. federal government to draft citizens into military service for World War I, expanding the armed forces.

espionage act

A U.S. law enacted in 1917 that made it a crime to interfere with military operations or support U.S. enemies during wartime, aimed at suppressing dissent and protecting national security.

great migration

The movement of around six million African Americans from the rural Southern United States to urban areas in the North and West between 1916 and 1970, seeking better economic opportunities and living conditions.

fourteen points

A statement of principles for peace that was used to end World War I, outlined by President Woodrow Wilson in 1918, calling for self-determination, free trade, and the establishment of the League of Nations.

self-determination

The right of people to choose their own political status and pursue their economic, social, and cultural development.

league of nations

An international organization established after World War I to promote peace and cooperation among countries, proposed by President Woodrow Wilson in his Fourteen Points.

henry ford

An American industrialist and founder of the Ford Motor Company, he revolutionized factory production with his use of assembly line techniques.

assembly lines

Manufacturing process that uses a series of workers and machines to assemble products efficiently in a sequential manner.

consumer revolution

A period in the late 19th and early 20th centuries characterized by an increase in consumer goods and a shift in society's spending habits, leading to greater accessibility and variety of products.

herbert hoover

The 31st President of the United States, serving from 1929 to 1933, he faced the Great Depression and is often criticized for his response to the economic crisis.

teapot dome scandal

A bribery scandal involving the secret leasing of federal oil reserves by the U.S. government in the early 1920s.

dawes plan

A plan initiated in 1924 to resolve World War I reparations that Germany owed, involving loans and the restructuring of payment schedules to stabilize Germany's economy.

scopes trial

A 1925 legal case that tested the Butler Act, which prohibited the teaching of evolution in Tennessee schools, resulting in a significant public debate on education and religion.

red scare

A period of intense fear of communism and leftist ideologies in the United States during the early 20th century, particularly after World War I, characterized by widespread suspicion and governmental crackdowns.

quota system

A policy implemented in the 1920s to limit immigration to the United States by establishing specific numerical caps based on national origins, aimed at preserving the existing ethnic composition.

eighteenth amendment

The constitutional amendment that prohibited the manufacture, sale, and transportation of alcoholic beverages in the United States, enacted in 1920.

charles lindbergh

A pioneering American aviator best known for making the first solo nonstop transatlantic flight in 1927.

“lost generation”

A group of American writers in the 1920s who rejected conventional values and expressed disillusionment after World War I, often characterized by themes of alienation and nostalgia.

ernest hemmingway

A prominent American novelist and short story writer of the 20th century, known for works such as "The Old Man and the Sea" and "A Farewell to Arms." He is often associated with the "lost generation" and is recognized for his distinct writing style.

harlem renaissance

A cultural, social, and artistic explosion that took place in Harlem, New York, during the 1920s, celebrating African American cultural expressions in literature, art, music, and performance.

langston hughes

A central figure of the Harlem Renaissance, Langston Hughes was an influential poet, novelist, and playwright whose works emphasized the complexities of African American life and culture.

zora neale hurston

A notable author and anthropologist of the Harlem Renaissance, Zora Neale Hurston is best known for her novel "Their Eyes Were Watching God," which explores African American female identity and experiences.