Cell Organelles Flashcards

Flashcards reviewing the functions of eukaryotic cell organelles based on lecture notes.

Cell Wall

A rigid layer of nonliving material that surrounds the cells of plants and some other organisms for added protection and shape maintenance.

Cell Membrane (Plasma Membrane)

Thin, flexible barrier that surrounds cells; it regulates what enters and leaves the cell.

Cytoplasm

A jellylike fluid inside a cell in which the organelles are suspended.

Nucleus

Structure that holds the cell's genetic material in the form of DNA.

Nucleolus

Found inside the nucleus; it produces ribosomes.

Nuclear Membrane

Membrane layer that separates the contents of the nucleus from the rest of the cell.

Smooth ER

The part of the endoplasmic reticulum that is free of ribosomes; it detoxifies and makes some types of lipids.

Rough ER

The part of the endoplasmic reticulum that is involved with protein reducing and transporting since it holds ribosomes (which make protein).

Ribosomes

They make protein and are occasionally found attached to the endoplasmic reticulum.

Golgi Apparatus

Organelle that sorts, modifies, and packages proteins and other material from the endoplasmic reticulum for storage in the cell or release outside the cell.

Vacuole

Organelle that stores material such as water, salts, proteins, and carbohydrates.

Mitochondrion

It converts the chemical energy stored in food into compounds that are more convenient for the cell to use.

Chloroplast

Organelle that captures the energy from sunlight and converts it into chemical energy.

Lysosomes

They break down lipids, carbohydrates, and proteins into small molecules that can be used by the rest of the cell.