Federalism

Federalism

Divided power between national and state governments.

Dual Federalism

States and national government have separate powers; like a “layer cake.”

Cooperative Federalism

States and national government share power, but national government is dominant; like a “marble cake.”

New Federalism

More power returned to the states (devolution); states gain more control.

National Supremacy

The national government is higher than state governments when laws conflict.

McCulloch v. Maryland

Confirmed national supremacy; states cannot tax the federal government; expanded federal power.

Gibbons v. Ogden

Strengthened national power over interstate commerce.

13th Amendment

Abolished slavery; expanded federal authority to protect rights.

14th Amendment

Guaranteed equal protection and due process; increased federal oversight of states.

15th Amendment

Protected voting rights; limited states’ ability to block voters.

Civil Rights Act of 1964

Federal law limiting state discrimination; expanded federal power.

Shelby County v. Holder

Reduced federal oversight on state voting laws; states gained more control over elections.

Dobbs v. Jackson

Returned abortion policymaking to states; increased state authority.

Devolution

The process of giving more power back to the states.

Revenue Sharing

Federal funds given to states with fewer restrictions.

State Powers

Education, transportation, public safety, licensing, elections.

Federal Powers

Defense, foreign policy, interstate commerce, national taxes, currency.

Local Government

Controls schools, zoning, police, and community services; created by states.

Dillon's Rule

States have power over local governments; local governments only have powers states give them.

Home Rule

Local governments have more authority to govern themselves (when states allow it).