Bio Chem Exam 2 Crash Course

Water-soluble vitamins are generally stored in the liver and adipose tissue.

False

Fat-soluble vitamins are stored in the liver and adipose tissue

True

Vitamin B12 is required for the isomerization of methylmalonyl CoA

True

Excessive vitamin A intake during pregnancy can lead to teratogenesis

True

Vitamin deficiency that can lead to hypoprothrombinemia

Vitamin K

Synthesized in the body from tryptophan

Niacin

Which vitamin is required as a coenzyme in carboxylation reaction

Biotin

Night Blindness is deficiency of

Vitamin A

Which of the following is a water-soluble vitamin

Vitamin C

Main function of vitamin K

Blood clotting

Which vitamin is critical for preventing neural tube defects during pregnancy

Folic Acid

megaloblastic anemia deficiency of

vitamin B12 and folic acid

Which fat-soluble vitamin acts as an antioxidant

Vitamin E

Vitamin B12 deficiency can cause elevated levels of _____ due to impaired remethylation

homocysteine

The active form of vitamin k required for the ______ of glutamic acid residues in clotting factors

carboxylation

fat-soluble vitamin essential for vision and immune function

Vitamin A

Necessary for blood clotting

Vitamin K

vision and epithelial maintenance

Vitamin A

Coenzyme in oxidation-reduction reaction

Niacin

Coenzyme in oxidative decarboxylation reaction

Vitamin B1

DNA synthesis and neurological health

Vitamin B12

(Homocysteine + B12 and Folate) lead us to

Methionine

(Homocysteine + B6) lead us too

cysteine

Glucogenic

Yield pyruvate or intermediates of the TCA

Ketogenic

Yield acetoacetate or one of its precursors

creatine

glycine, arginine and methionine

Direct Calorimetry

direct measurement of heat production

Indirect Calorimetry

Oxygen Consumption

Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Ranges of Carbs

45-65% of total calories

Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Ranges of Protein

10-35% of total calories

Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Ranges of Fat

20-35% of total calories

Trans fatty acid

increase LDL, Decrease HDL

Saturated Fatty acids

Increase LDL, Little effect on HDL

Monounsaturated fatty acid

Decrease LDL, Maintain or increase HDL

Function of Folic Acid (B9)

Makes our DNA, Remakes methione from homocysteine

Intrinsic Factor specific to what vitamins

B12

Which vitamin main function is to component of Coenzyme A which transfers acyl groups

Pantothenic Acid

Menke Syndrome

Cu- deficiency

Wilson Disease

Cu- overload

Function of DNA synthesis, growth and development, and wound healing

Zinc

Keshan Disease

selenium deficiency

Early signs of Iodine deficiency

Goiter

Iodine deficiency during early stages of fetal development can cause

cretinism