Philosophy - Review Flashcards from Lecture Notes

A set of practice flashcards covering key concepts from the lecture notes on philosophy, including etymology, major philosophers, methods, branches, and applications.

What is the etymology of philosophy?

philo (love) + sophia (wisdom) in Greek.

Who is known as the Father of Western Philosophy?

Socrates.

Who founded the Academy and is credited with establishing the first university in the Western world?

Plato.

What does the term 'philosophy' etymologically mean?

Love of wisdom.

Name three philosophers widely regarded as the greatest of all time.

Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle.

What is the Socratic Method?

A disciplined method of questioning designed to expose contradictions and promote critical thinking.

What did Socrates say about the unexamined life?

“The unexamined life is not worth living.”

Which philosopher is credited with the saying “No man ever steps in the same river twice”?

Heraclitus.

Who formulated the Pythagorean theorem?

Pythagoras.

Which philosopher proposed that matter is composed of atoms?

Democritus.

Diogenes of Sinope is associated with which school of thought?

Cynicism; he advocated living a simple, virtuous life.

Which philosopher introduced the Theory of Forms and founded the Academy?

Plato.

Which philosopher is known for systematic scientific examination across various fields?

Aristotle.

What is Epicurus known for?

Founding Epicureanism; happiness through simple living, friendship, and freedom from fear and pain.

List the five branches of philosophy.

Epistemology, Metaphysics, Logic, Ethics/Axiology, Aesthetics.

What is holistic thinking?

A perspective that considers large-scale patterns and the 'big picture' in systems.

What is partial thinking?

Focusing on specific aspects of a problem; useful for detailed analysis.

How does one engage in reflection?

By examining one’s thoughts, feelings, and actions to learn about life and experiences.

What are the practical uses of philosophy in our lives?

Critical analysis, problem-solving, decision-making, wisdom, and self-development.

What is the study of knowledge called?

Epistemology.

What is the study of existence and the nature of being called?

Metaphysics.

What is the study of reasoning and truth called?

Logic.

What is the study of value and morality called?

Ethics/Axiology.

What is the study of art, beauty, and taste called?

Aesthetics.

How does philosophy relate to other fields like science, politics, art, and religion?

It provides a foundational framework and interacts with and influences these fields.

What is the difference between holistic thinking and partial thinking?

Holistic thinking considers the big picture and system-wide patterns, while partial thinking focuses on specific parts or aspects.