Exam #1 communication disorders

communication

the exchange of meaning bewteen a sender and a reciever

language is __ you say and speech is ___ you say it

what, how

what 3 ways can language be interpreted

spoken, written, or signed

nature of disorder can be one of the following or combination

speech, language, or hearing

congenital disorder

means the disorder was present at birth, not hereditory, but rather the affects that took place during birth

Acquired disorder

disorder that occured after communication abilities are developed

example of a congenital disorder

cerebral palsy, down syndrome, hearing loss

example of a acquired disorder

stroke, traumatic brain injury (TBI), dementia

organic disorder

physical cause for disorder (cleft palate)

functional disorder

organic cause cannot be established (ex- developmental delay in speech sounds)

impairment

any loss or abnormality of psychological, physiological or anatomical structure or function

disability

a reduced competence in meeting daily living needs

handicap

a social, educational, or occupational disadvantage that results from an impairment of disability

SLP’s treat ___ not differences

disorders

communication disorder

an impairment that adversely affects communication

communication difference

communication abilities that differ from those usually encountered in the mainstream culture (doesnt go by the culture)

what is an example of a communication difference?

spanish speaking people dont say the “j” sound, they say the “ha” sound

speech sound disorder

difficulty with perception, motor production and/ or phonological representation and segmentation of sounds (can be minimal or extreme)

articulation disorder

difficulty in learning and producing sounds

phonological disorder

difficulty producing based on sound representation in the brain (patterns or rules of sounds)

what are the 5 terms of articulation

phone, phoneme, allophone, phonology, phonetics

phone

what you hear when you say that sound ,single speech sound that can be made with vocal tract, but holds no meaning (non specific to one lanuage)

phoneme

the smallest unit of that distinguishes meaning between sounds in a given language (specific to a given language)

allophone

different versions of a different phoneme

phonology

the study of speech sounds and sound patterns to create

phonetics

the study of how speech sounds are produced and perceived

medical term for studder

fluency disorder

fluency disorder

unusual interruption in the flow of speaking that involves smoothness, rate, and effort

types of voice disorders

phonatory, resonance, psychogenic

phonatory voice disorder

abnormalities in vocal fold vibration, resulting in changes in loudness, pitch or quality (breathiness, harshness, or hoarseness)

resonance voice disorder

problems closing the opening between nose and mouth during speech production

psychogenic voice disorder

caused by psychological stress, rare, may need to involve psychological profesional

what is lanuage?

refers to the words or sentences that are used to represent objects, thoughts, and feelings

acquired language disorder

caused by brain lesions, which are specific areas of damage to the brain; usually adults

what is TBI?

traumatic brain injury (memory, confusion, neurological symptoms)

what is an example of a progressive degenerative language disorder?

dementia, parkinson’s, alzheimer’s

what is a cerebrovascular accident (CVA) ?

medical condition that occurs when blood flow is interrupted (commonly known as a stroke)

3 types of hearing impairments

conductive, sensorineural, and mixed hearing loss

conductive hearing disorder

type of hearing loss when sound waves are blocked or obstructed in middle or outer ear, causes: fluid in the middle ear, otosclerosis, perforated ear drum presence of foreign body

sensorineural hearing disorder

type of hearing loss when the hair cells or nerves in the inner ear (cochlea) are damaged, causes: infections, genetic conditions, exposure to noise

unilateral

1 of anything

bilateral

2 of anything

what are the building blocks of speech

place, manner, and voicing

what are the building blocks of language?

content, form, use

content

semantics

form

phonology, morphology, syntax

use

pragmatics

semantics

the vocabulary, mental dictionary of words and their meaning

phonology

the study of sounds to make words

morphology

the linguistic system related to organization of words, smallest grammatical unit with meaning

free morpheme

stands alone (happy)

bound morpheme

grammatical tags, prefixes (the “un” in “unhappy)

syntax

linguistic system related to conversion of grouping words/ word order

pragmatics

the social use of language, the ways we choose words that best fit for the speaking situation (what to say to whom, how to say it, when to say it)

plosive

air pressure built up and released (bubble)

fricatives

a constriction is created and air is forced through (sh,sss)

affricatives

a stop released into a fricative, (chair)

glides

articulators move during production “glide form one place to another” (yellow)

liquids

produced with the least constriction ion the oral cavity

nasals

a continuant produced with nasal resonance (m, n)

motherese

slowly and clearly exaggerated intonation

things that affect communication

ethic background, religious beliefs, socioecomic status, familial education, family make-up (nuclear and extended), neighborhood, country of origin, gender

culture

set of beliefs and assumptions shared by a group of people that guide how individuals think, act, and interact on a daily basis

socialization

the process by which an individual learns his own culture

acculturation

the process by which the individual learns or adapts to another culture

codeswtiching

the ability to use one language in certain situations and another in other situations