League of Nations

What was the primary purpose of the League of Nations?

To solve disputes between countries and promote cooperation.

When was the League of Nations officially established?

In June 1919, as part of the Treaty of Versailles.

What were the main aims of the League of Nations?

To discourage aggression, encourage cooperation, disarmament, and improve living and working conditions.

Which countries were permanent members of the League’s executive council?

Britain, France, US, Italy, and Japan.

Why did the US never officially join the League of Nations?

Wilson couldn't gain enough support from the US Senate.

What event marked the beginning of the Great Depression?

The Wall Street crash in 1929.

How did the Great Depression impact the League of Nations?

Countries became more focused on their own problems rather than cooperating through the League.

What incident initiated the Manchurian crisis?

The Mukden Incident in September 1931.

What was the League's response to the Japanese invasion of Manchuria?

The League requested Japan to withdraw while the Lytton Commission investigated.

What was a main reason for the failure of the World Disarmament Conference?

Disagreements between France and Germany over military armaments.

What was Mussolini's motivation for invading Abyssinia?

To expand the Italian empire for raw materials, military expansion, and personal glory.

What action did the League take when Italy invaded Abyssinia?

Imposed sanctions, including banning the sale of arms and certain exports to Italy.

What was the outcome of the Hoare-Laval Pact?

It was leaked to the press and led to the dismissal of both ministers, seen as treachery to the League.

What promise did the League's collective security represent?

An assurance that member countries would support each other against aggression.

What happened to the League of Nations after Italy and Germany signed the Rome-Berlin Axis?

Italy withdrew from the League in December 1937.

What was the impact of the Great Depression on international relations?

It led countries to prioritize their own national interests, reducing cooperation through international bodies like the League of Nations.

What was the Mukden Incident?

A staged event by the Japanese military that was used as a pretext to invade Manchuria in September 1931.

Who conducted the investigation into the Japanese invasion of Manchuria?

The Lytton Commission, which was commissioned by the League of Nations.

What were the outcomes of the League's sanctions against Italy during the Abyssinia invasion?

The sanctions had little effect on halting the invasion and ultimately weakened the League's credibility.

What major military conflict occurred during the time of the League of Nations' existence?

The Spanish Civil War, which highlighted the League's ineffectiveness in addressing aggression.

What was the significance of the Rome-Berlin Axis?

It marked the formal alliance between Italy and Germany, undermining the League of Nations' authority.

How did the League of Nations address issues of disarmament?

Through conferences and negotiations, but ultimately faced failure due to disagreements among member states.

What role did collective security play in the League of Nations?

It was intended as a deterrent against aggression by ensuring mutual defense among member nations.