HISTOLOGY : CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM

cardiovascular system

consists of the heart and blood vessels that pump, transport and distribute blood to the cells and tissues

tunica intima/mucosa

the tunics/wall of the heart, that endothelium is typical squamous cell lining the lumen and consistent feature of blood vessels and heart

tunica intima/mucosa

the tunics/wall of the heart, have subendothelial coat that is composed of fibroelastic tissue and fibroblas smooth muscle fibers

internal elastic membrane

condensation of elastic fibers separating the t. intima and t. media

tunica media

a tunics/wall of heart that mixture of smooth muscle, collagen and elastic fibers

tunica media

the tunics/wall of the heart, have smooth muscles that is circular pattern around the lumen and intimately associated with the collagen and elastic fibers

tunica media

the tunics/wall of the heart, have large vessels. Have nervi and vasa vasorum (nerve and blood supply of the vessels)

external elastic membrane

Between t.media and t. adventitia

tunica adventitia

a tunics/wall of the heart that composed of dense fibroelastic connective tissue

tunica adventitia

the tunics of the heart, that nervi and vasa vasorum also ramify in this tunic

endothelium

Not all vessels contain all the aforementioned elements, they may be either reduced or absent, only the ___________________________ is consistent

arterial system

in the histology of vessel from the hemodynamic role they perform, which system is carries low volume of blood under high pressure and velocity

capillary system

in the histology of vessel from the hemodynamic role they perform, which system is has large volume of blood under diminished pressure and velocity

venous system

in the histology of vessel from the hemodynamic role they perform, which system is carries high blood volume at low pressures and velocities

capillaries

exchange component of CVS wherein metabolites gain access to and waste products leave the c.t. Space.

continous

type of capillaries, most common and least permable

continous

type of capillaries, abundant in skin and muscle. Also lungs and nervous system

fenestrated

type of capillaries, has holes or fenestration

fenestrated

type of capillaries, found in glomerulus and intestinal villi

sinusoid

type of capillaries, least common and most permeable

sinusoid

type of capillaries, incomplete basement membrane

sinusoid

type of capillaries, found in liver, spleen and bone marrow

venous sinuses

are larger than sinusoids, basal lamina is discontinuous and the lining cells are not phagocytic

precapillary cells

macrophages,fibroblasts, mesenchymal cells, mast cells, pericytes(smooth muscle cell intimately asso with endothelium)

precapillary sphincter

are capillaries with a single layer of smooth muscle fiber controlling blood flow through the metarterioles into the capillary bed proper

metarteriole

branch of arteriole with discontinuous layer of smooth muscle fibers surrounding it;

metarteriole

serve as sphincter controlling blood flowing through the central or thoroughfare channel to join the venous system

arteriole

continuation of capillary with gradual transition;

large arteriole

actually similar structure with small artery; mistaken as small artery

small arteriole

in the arterioles that has 2-3 layers of smooth muscle cells

precapillary or terminal arteriole

has 1 layer of smooth muscle, lumen is about the size of an RBC

metarteriole

very similar with terminal arteriole except the smooth muscle in its t. media is replaced by a pericyte; difficult to differentiate from the terminal arteriole in tissue section

arteries

no sharp line demarcation between arterioles and small arteries

muscular or distributing arteries

small and medium arteries are also called?

elastic arteries

are the largest arteries- compared to their luminal volume, wall is thin

Large artery

Medium artery

Small artery

Arteriole

in the blood vessels, what are the types of arteries

Large Vein

Medium Vein

Small Vein

Venule

in the blood vessels, what are the types of veins

Continuous

Fenestrated

Discontinuous

in the blood vessels, what are the types of capillaries

arteries

guess the structure:

the blood is rare

t media is well develop

t adventitia is thin

lumen diameter is small

agonal change reg is contracting

veins

guess the structure:

the blood is present

t media is thin

t adventitia is well develop

lumen diameter is greater or large

agonal change reg is irregular contracting

venous capillaries

have diameter 20X those of capillaries and gradually acquire other mural elements

venous capillaries

Associate with c.t. first and later develop wall

venules

simple endothelial tubes surrounded by loose collagenous tissue

venules

Smooth muscle investment occur as they become small veins

veins

larger in diameter; irregular or collapsed lumen; thinner walls. lined by polygonal endothelial cells and a very small subendothelial tissue

veins

guess the structure:

t media is thin

t adventitia is well develop

valves are lined by flattened endothelial cells with core of subendothelial tissue

valves

are lined by flattened endothelial cells with core of subendothelial tissue in the veins

small and medium veins

Many of these veins have valves emanating from the t. intima into the lumen

small and medium veins

what veins are prominent in the vessels located below the heart

large veins

T. intima is thicker in smaller veins, internal elastic memb. may be present

Smooth muscle may be reduced or absent in T. media

Well develop t. adventitia, scattered smooth muscles may be present within this coat and oriented parallel to the vessels long axis

heart

part of cardiovascular system that is a thick walled, muscularized pump

endocardium

the tunics/coat of the heart, that counterpart of t. intima, has a polygonal endothelial cells continuous with the lining epithelium of vessels

subendothelial coat

the tunics/coat of the heart, that fine collagenous, elastic fibers continues with a deeper or more peripheral

subendocardial coat

the tunics/coat of the heart, that loose collagenous tissue, contain also elastic fibers, adipose cells, smooth muscle fibers, blood vessels and nerves

myocardium

in the walls of the heart, equivalent to t. media, consists of cardiac muscles, c.t. fibers, nerve and blood vessels

epicardium

in the walls of the heart, is a serous membrane called visceral pericardium in gross anatomy; mesothelium rest upon a thin layer of loose c.t.- subepicardial coat

four fibrous rings

in the cardiac skeleton, surrounding the two semilunar valve and right and left AV valves

pulmonary artery and aorta

two semilunar valve in ffour fibrous rings

fibrous triangle

in the cardiac skeleton, mass of fibrous tissue between AV canals

fibrous tissue of membranous iv septum

in the cardiac skeleton, os cordis ossified fibrous rings of the aortic semilunar valve

blood vessels

guess the structure:

tunica intima is endothelium

tunica media is smooth muscle/elastic tissue

tunica adventitia is loose connective tissue

artery

in the blood vessels, appear round in cross section; have undulating internal elastic membrane

capillary

in the blood vessels, tiny endothelial tubes; mostly compressed or collapsed

vein

in the blood vessels, larger in diameter; irregular or collapsed lumen; thinner walls; lack internal elastic membrane; have valves

medium vein

in the blood vessels, has less smooth muscle; few elastic tissue; has thicker tunica adventitia

pericytes

in the blood vessels, (also known as Rouget cells, or mural cells) are multi-functional cells that wrap

around the endothelial cells that line the capillaries and venules throughout the body.

arteriole

in the blood vessels, endothelium; 2 -3 layers of smooth muscle; loose CT

venule

in the blood vessels, smallest vein; almost the same with arteriole but lacks tunica media and internal elastic membrane

small artery

the artery, has endothelium; 8-9 layers of smooth muscle; loose CT

medium/muscular and large/elastic artery

the artery, has:

tunica intima is endothelium and internal elastic membrane

tunica media mix and smooth elastic

tunica adventitia is collagenous and elastic fiber and vasa vasorum

vein

in the blood vessel, larger in diameter; irregular or collapsed lumen; thinner walls;

lacks internal elastic membrane; have valves

venule

in the blood vessel, smallest vein; almost the same with arteriole but lacks tunica media and internal elastic membrane

small vein

size of vein in the blood vessel that same with venule but

may have slightly larger lumen and more visible smooth muscle layer

medium vein

size of vein in the blood vessel that has less smooth muscle; few elastic tissue; has thicker tunica adventitia

large vein

size of vein in the blood vessel that has thicker tunica adventitia with smooth muscle

valves

Folds in the intima seen in medium and larger veins. Number of valves increase with size of vessel. Prevent backflow of blood. Also present in the lymphatic vessels. what structure is this in blood vessel?

arterial system

indentify the system in blood vessels:

the lumen is smaller, rounder and prominent onternal elastic lamina

the tunica media is thicker than tunica adventitia

Has no valves

venous system

indentify the system in blood vessels:

the lumen is larger and flatter

the tunica adventitia is thicker than tunica media

Longitudinal smooth muscle bundles present

Has valves

deep veins

in the four types of veins, are located within muscle tissue. They have a corresponding artery nearby.

superficial veins

in the four types of veins, are closer to the skin's surface. They don't have corresponding arteries.

pulmonary veins

in the four types of veins, transport blood that's been filled with oxygen by the lungs to the heart. Each lung has two sets of pulmonary veins, a right and left one.

systemic veins

in the four types of veins, are located throughout the body from the legs up to the neck, including the arms and trunk. They transport deoxygenated blood back to the heart.