Scientific Models, Kinetic Molecular Theory, Elements & Compounds
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17 question-and-answer flashcards reviewing scientific models, famous atomic models, kinetic molecular theory, states of matter, and distinguishing elements from compounds.
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17 Terms
What is a scientific model?
A representation of a particular phenomenon in the world used to explain or predict observations.
Why do scientists create and use models?
To explain natural phenomena and make predictions that can be tested.
Who proposed the atomic model in 1803, introducing the idea of indivisible atoms?
John Dalton.
Which scientist introduced the 1904 'plum-pudding' atomic model?
J. J. Thomson.
Who developed the 1911 nuclear model of the atom with a dense central nucleus?
Ernest Rutherford.
Which scientist proposed the 1913 model with electrons in discrete orbits?
Niels Bohr.
Who formulated the 1926 quantum mechanical model that treats electrons as probability clouds?
Erwin Schrödinger.
According to the Kinetic Molecular Theory, what are particles of matter always doing?
They are constantly in motion.
What does KMT state about the spacing of particles, even in dense solids?
There are spaces (gaps) between the particles.
How does temperature affect particle motion according to KMT?
As temperature increases, particles move faster because their kinetic energy rises.
What type of forces attract particles to each other according to KMT?
Intermolecular forces such as van der Waals forces or hydrogen bonds.
How are particles arranged and how do they move in a solid?
They are tightly packed and vibrate in fixed positions.
How are particles arranged and how do they move in a liquid?
They are close together but can slide past one another.
How are particles arranged and how do they move in a gas?
They are spread far apart and move freely at high speeds.
What key property defines a compound’s composition?
A compound has a definite and consistent chemical composition.
Name three elements mentioned in the notes.
Examples: Hydrogen (H), Oxygen (O), Carbon (C).
Name three compounds mentioned in the notes.
Examples: Water (H₂O), Carbon dioxide (CO₂), Salt (NaCl).