Lab 3: Skin and Introduction to Bones Flashcards

A comprehensive vocabulary review of key structures, skin layers, bone classifications, and bone anatomy from Lab 3.

Epidermis

The superficial outer layer of the skin composed of stratified squamous epithelium, consisting of specific layers such as stratum corneum, granulosum, spinosum, and basale.

Dermis

The skin layer situated beneath the epidermis, composed of a superficial papillary layer and a deeper reticular layer.

Hypodermis

The subcutaneous tissue layer located beneath the dermis that contains abundant adipose tissue.

Papillary layer of dermis

The upper layer of the dermis adjacent to the epidermis, characterized by dermal papillae.

Reticular layer of dermis

The deeper, thicker region of the dermis located between the papillary layer and the hypodermis.

Dermal papillae

Finger-like projections of the papillary layer of the dermis that extend toward the epidermis.

Stratum Lucidum

An epidermal layer present specifically in thick skin (such as the monkey palm slide) and absent in thin skin (such as the human scalp slide).

Stratum Corneum

The most superficial layer of the epidermis consisting of dead, keratinized cells.

Stratum Granulosum

An epidermal layer located beneath the stratum corneum (or stratum lucidum in thick skin) and above the stratum spinosum.

Stratum Spinosum

An epidermal layer situated between the stratum granulosum and the deep stratum basale.

Stratum Basale

The deepest single layer of the epidermis where cell division occurs, adjacent to the dermis.

Sebaceous gland

An exocrine gland found in skin histology slides associated with hair follicles.

Arrector pili muscle

A smooth muscle bundle attached to hair follicles in skin tissue.

Meissner's corpuscle

A sensory receptor organ located near the upper dermal layer that detects touch.

Pacinian corpuscle

A deep sensory receptor organ found in the deep dermis or hypodermis region that detects pressure.

Long bone

A bone classification shape characterized by a central shaft and two enlarged ends, such as the humerus or femur.

Short bone

A bone classification shape characterized by roughly cube-shaped dimensions, such as carpals or tarsals.

Flat bone

A bone classification shape that is thin and flattened, such as the sternum or cranial bones.

Irregular bone

A bone classification shape with complex morphology that does not fit into long, short, or flat categories, such as vertebrae.

Diaphysis

The central tubular shaft of a long bone surrounding a medullary cavity.

Epiphysis

The expanded end of a long bone, filled interiorly with spongy bone.

Medullary cavity

The hollow internal space within the diaphysis of a long bone filled with yellow bone marrow.

Periosteum

The outer fibrous membrane surrounding the exterior of compact bone.

Osteon

The fundamental structural unit of compact bone tissue composed of concentric lamellae.

Central canal (Haversian canal)

The longitudinal canal located at the center of an osteon containing blood vessels and nerve fibers.

Volkmann's canal (perforating canal)

A transverse canal in compact bone that connects central canals to one another and to the periosteum.

Canaliculi

Tiny hair-like canals (visible as thin black lines) connecting lacunae to each other and to the central canal.

Lacuna

A small cavity or space within the bone matrix that houses an osteocyte.

Sharpey's fibers

Perforating collagen fibers that attach and anchor the periosteum securely to the compact bone.

Concentric lamella

Rings of hard calcified matrix surrounding the central canal of an osteon.

Circumferential lamella

Layers of bone matrix located beneath the periosteum that extend around the entire outer boundary of compact bone.