Apush Unit 6

Mechanizaton of agriculture

Agriculture began to be tended to by machines rather than people

Examples of mechanization of agriculture

Mechanical reaper and Combine Harvester

What was the result of Mechanization of agriculture

• Allowed crops to be grown in large amounts

• Many farmers likelihoods destroyed because they couldn't compete with machine labor

National Grange Movement

organization was created to provide social and economic assistance to farmers.

Granger Laws

A set of laws designed to address railroad discrimination against small farmers, covering issues like faire rate

Pacific Railroad Act

Federal government gave railroad companies land and they built a transcontinental railroad

Homestead Act

gave migrants 160 acres of land if they moved west

Effects of Pacific Railroad Act

Made migration westward easier

Boom cities

Cities that experienced an influx of migration because of their natural resources

• These cities were typically diverse because everyone wanted to be rich

Sod Busters

Homesteaders who were the first to migrate west and pouch the soil with their plows.

Fedrick Jackson Turner

Published "The significance of the frontier in American History"

The Significance of the Frontier in American History

Expressed the idea that with the closing of the frontier Americans would be unhappy and result to class conflict

Reservation System was intended to

Solve America's "Native American problem"

Sioux Wars

Native Americans began to resist displacement out of the west

• The federal government had to make more treaties with the natives

Indian Appropriation Act of 1871

ended recognition of tribes as independent nations by the federal government and nullified previous treaties made with the tribes

Dawes Act

• Got rid of the reservation system and divided reservation land into farm land for the natives to tend to

• Allowed Natives to be U.S citizens only if they settled on that land and assimilated to white culture

Ghost Dance Movement

If natives participated in this ritual the ghost of their ancestors would return and beat the white man

• It was seen as a last resort for natives in their fight against displacement

Wounded Knee

U.S army was trying to disarm Lakota Indians and a old man attempted to do the Ghost Dance and was shot

Results of Wounded Knee

Army killed 200 men,women, and children

Ended Native American resistance

New South

the south after the civil war

• advancements for the south economically through industrialization

Henry Grady

Editor of the Atlantic Constitution (publication)

Coined the phrase "New South"

Believed in south adopting industrialization

Plessy v. Ferguson

Established that segregation was legal if the establishment was separate but equal

Ida B. Wells

Wrote publications against lynching

• Advocated for equal education for African American children

Henry Turner

Encouraged black people to immigrate to Africa specifically Liberia

Booker T. Washington

Believed that black people didn't need to fight for equality they instead had to do well economically to be treated as people

Besser process

A more efficient way to make steel helped create railroads

telegraph

The major 19th century communication development.

John D, Rockefeller

Owner of the Standard Oil Company

Horizontal intergration

A company buys all of its competitors until there is no more competition

Andrew Carnegie

Owner of large steel company

Vertical Integration

When a company gets all complementary industries that supports its business Ex. Carnegie gets to buy all the companies that handled steel (Manufacturers, Miners, etc)

Social Darwinism

The belief that rich people are rich because they are hard working

Gospel of wealth

A book written by Andrew Carnegie expressing it was the rich's mission to give back

Capital of Industry and Robber Barrons

Positive and negative perspectives of large company owners

conspicous consumption

Rich people were just buying stuff to impress others

Result of conspicous consumption

The standard of living rose but the division of social classes also rose

Examples of labor union strikes

Great Railroad strike of 1877

Haymarket square riot

Pullman strike of 1894

Eugene Debs

Union Leader

Knights of labor

A labor union that included every industry

Haymarket Square Riot

Knights of labor protested for workers rights. A extremist threw a bomb and it caused several people to die. This change the public perception of labor unions

Ethnic enclaves

locations with a high concentration of one specific ethnicity

Exoduster movement

Large migration of black people moving west to states like Kansas. Oklahoma, and Colorado

Colored Relief Board and Kansas Freedmen's Aid Society

Organizations who tried to help exodusters

Result of exoduster movement

Black people were still poor because land in the west was already preoccupied

Natvists

Native-born Americans who viewed immigrants as a threat to their job opportunities and way of life.

American protective association

Organization that went against Catholicism (Irish people)

Chinese Exclusion Act

Prohibited the immigration of the Chinese into America

Jane Addams

Helped immigrants bu creating settlement houses (Hull House) to provide immigrants resources and help them assimilate to American way of life.

Populist Party

U.S. political party formed in 1892 representing mainly farmers, favoring free coinage of silver and government control of railroads and other monopolies

protective tariffs

Taxes on imported goods designed to protect domestic industries.