intro to virology
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27 Terms
Virus
An obligate intracellular parasite comprising of genetic material often surrounded by a protein coat/capsid and sometimes a membrane (envelope).
Viral life cycle
The process of virus attachment, entry, replication, assembly, and release from the host cell.
Components of viruses
Viral genome (DNA or RNA) and Viral Capsid (a protein coat).
Envelope
A lipid bilayer with glycoproteins, which can help the virus bind to cells.
Essential components of viruses
Viral genome (DNA or RNA) and Viral Capsid (a protein coat).
Resistance of enveloped viruses
Less resistant to environmental constraints compared to non-enveloped viruses.
Role of capsid
To protect the viral genomic material.
Fragility of DNA and RNA
pH, heat, drying, UV.
Capsid's role in viral genomic material
Delivery into the cell.
Recognition of capsid proteins
Host cell receptors.
Forms of capsid
Helical, Icosahedral, Scaffolded Icosahedral.
Packaging in virology
Placement of viral genome inside a capsid or an envelope.
Structure of the capsid
Closed 3-dimensional.
Presence of holes in the capsid
No, it is stable.
Composition of the capsid
Repeating protein structures.
Outer protein coat of a virus
Capsid.
Protein subunits of the capsid
Capsomers.
Example of viral symmetry
Icosahedral symmetry.
Study of viral capsids
Using CryoEM (Transmission electron cryomicroscopy).
Composition of the viral envelope
Lipid bilayer.
Role of viral envelope in virus attachment to cells
It is involved in virus attachment to cells.
Interaction of viral envelope with host cell membrane
It can fuse with the host cell membrane.
Exit of virus from cells using cell machinery
Through the viral envelope.
Potential benefit of viral envelope to the virus
It can avoid cell damage and potentially avoid the immune response.
Resistance of non-enveloped viruses
pH, heat, dryness, alcohol, soap.
Effects of non-enveloped viruses
More cellular damage.
Exit of non-enveloped viruses from cells
They disrupt the integrity of the membrane and