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PSYCHOPATHOLOGY EXAM 2
depression diagnosis criteria
mood episodes cause noticable change in ind’s functioning
symptoms vary
major depressive disorder MDD
risk greater around puberty
change in functioning causing impairment & distress
chronic w/o treatment
high chance of returning if many episodes occur
MDD symptoms
5+ symptoms for 2 weeks
loss of interest/pleasure
loss of energy
difficultly focusing
changes in appetite
MDD melancholic specifier
intense deep sadness
worse in mornings & wake up early
loss of pleasure in activities that used to bring pleasure
feel guilty w/o reason
cant sit still & slower movements
MDD seasonal specifier
episodes are same time each year
recover in spring
low energy, overeat & crave carbs
MDD psychotic specifier
delusions/hallucinations
uncontrolled or too much movement
mutism
waxy flexibilty/stillness
persistent depressive disorder PDD
chronic low grade depression w/ rare relief
under 21 high risk of personality disorder & substance abuse
no history of manic episode
develops slowly & early onset (lasts longer)
still function but draining
PDD symptoms
at least 2 needed
low self-esteem, feel hopeless
depressed mood most days for 2+ years
(1 year for teens)
poor concentration or hard making descions
disruptive mood dysregulation disorder (DMDD)
only kids/teens lasting 1 year of severe temper outbursts & irritiability
Premenstrual dysphoric disorder
5 symptoms week before & during period
improves after period is over
affects mood, energy & behavior
must lasts 2 cycles for diagnosis
bio causes of depression
not enough sleep disrupts internal clock (irritability)
lack of sunlight (less serotonin & melatonin)
learned hopless vs personal control cause
uncontrollable bad events > feel loss of control>helpless behavior
cuts access to joy by stop trying
becks cognitive triad cause
negative thinking/view on self, future & world
psychological inflexibility
accept thoughts & emotions w/o being controlled by them
acceptence commitment therapy=treatment
treatments for depression
meds, electro shock as last result, psychotherapy, exercise
manic/hypomania episodes triad
increased self esteem
increased movement (restlessness)
rapid & pressured speech
manic/hypomania episodes vary each individual
euphoria or irritiability
decrease need for sleep
impulsive/risky behavior
manic/hypomania duration
1 week =mania
4 days=hypomania
ultradian cyclying
many mood shifts in a day (within hours)
rapid cyclying
4 or more episodes in a year
typical cyclying
mood shifts occuring over weeks or months
cycloymia
mild chronic mood swings lasting 2+years
never a full episode
increased risk of developing bipolar 1/2
bipolar causes
not fully known why
genetics
stress factors
chemical brain imbalance
major life changes or substance abuse
genetics+stress events=increased risk
bipolar treatments
mood stabilizers (slow & steady)
antipsychotics (fast acting)
talk therapy
electroshock even pregnant
