Physiology and Pathology: Skeletal System Overview

Flashcards summarizing key concepts about the skeletal system, including its functions, structure, disorders, and medical terminology.

Function of the skeletal system

Produces blood cells, provides protection of organisms, helps us breathe, stores minerals, allows for movement.

Axial skeleton

Consists of bones along the body’s central axis, including the skull, vertebral column, and rib cage.

Appendicular skeleton

Includes the bones of the limbs and girdles (shoulder and pelvis) that facilitate movement.

What connects bones to other bones?

Ligaments, which are tough, fibrous connective tissue.

Diaphysis

The shaft or central part of a long bone, made of compact bone.

Epiphysis

The end of a long bone, containing spongy bone and red marrow.

What are osteocytes?

Mature bone cells that maintain bone tissue.

Function of yellow marrow

Stores fat and serves as an energy reserve.

What is osteogenesis imperfecta?

A genetic disorder causing brittle bones due to collagen defects.

Types of fractures

Simple (closed), Compound (open), Comminuted, Greenstick, Transverse, Spiral, Compression.

What are the symptoms of osteoarthritis?

Pain and stiffness in the joints.

Lordosis

Excessive inward curvature of the lumbar spine (swayback).

Ankylosing spondylitis

Chronic inflammation of spine joints causing fusion.

What does chondromalacia refer to?

Softening of cartilage.

Rickets

Softening of bones in children due to Vitamin D deficiency.

What does 'Fx' stand for?

Fracture.

Osteoporosis

Weak and brittle bones due to low bone mass.

Rheumatoid arthritis

An autoimmune disease that affects the joints.