PHONOLOGY 2

Phonetics

The study of the physical nature of human speech sounds, irrespective of the language being spoken.

Articulatory phonetics

The branch of phonetics that studies how speech sounds are produced by the speaker.

Acoustic phonetics

The branch of phonetics that investigates the physical properties of speech sounds as waves transmitted from a speaker.

Auditory phonetics

The branch of phonetics that deals with how speech sounds are perceived and processed by the brain of the hearer.

Phonology

The study of how native speakers organize and store their knowledge of the sounds of their language.

Speech mechanism

The processes involved in producing, transmitting, and receiving speech sounds.

Production

The articulation of speech sounds in the vocal apparatus of the speaker.

Transmission

The acoustic signal's journey through the air from the speaker to the listener.

Reception

The listener's processing and perception of speech sounds.

Respiratory system

The system responsible for respiration, involving lungs and airflow.

Phonatory system

The system responsible for phonation, involving the larynx and vocal cords.

Articulatory system

The system responsible for the articulation of sounds, involving the tongue, lips, mouth, and nasal cavities.

Egressive airflow

Air flowing out of the vocal tract, the most common type of speech production.

Ingressive airflow

Air flowing into the vocal tract, less common in speech production.

Pharyngeal cavity

The space above the larynx modified by the pharynx to produce different sounds.

Nasal cavity

The space inside the nose through which air can pass when the velum is open.

Oral cavity

The space in the mouth, involving the tongue, lips, and roof of the mouth, vital for articulation.

International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)

A system for transcribing the sounds of a language, giving each distinguishable sound its own symbol.

Phonetic transcription

A type of transcription that represents as many phonetic details as possible.

Phonemic transcription

A type of transcription that provides minimal details and represents sounds with linguistic functions.

Phonetic realisation

The pronunciation of a sound that may differ across varieties of a language.

Lexical distribution

The relationship of individual words belonging to different lexical sets in various language varieties.

Phonotactic distribution

The rules governing the co-occurrence of phonemes in words.

American English (AmE)

A Germanic language that belongs to the Indo-European family, originating from dialects brought to Britain.

Jutes

One of the Germanic tribes that brought their dialects to Britain.

Angles

A Germanic tribe from Denmark/Germany contributing to the development of English.

Frisians

Another Germanic tribe that influenced the English language.