unit 2: progessive presidents (1890-1920)

muckrackers

journalists who exposed corruption and social injustices ex. ida tarbell, upton sinclair, jacod riis

socialism

political ideology advocating gov ownership of industry, gained popularity in labor movements

uptown sinclair

"the jungle", exposed conditions in the meatpacking industry, led to food safety reforms

ida tarbell

investigated standard oil, dismantled rockefeller's monopoly

jacod riis

"how the oter half lives", exposed tenement hoursing and urban poverty

lincoln steffens

"the shame of the cities",exposed political corruption in urban governments

progressivism

reform movement to address problems caused by industrialization and urbanization, focused on social jsutice

trusts

large cooperations or monopolies, progessives sought to break them

roosevelt

"trust-buster", believed in regulating trusts

sherman antitrust act (1890)

law to break monopolies

square deal

focused on conservation of nat resources, consumer protection, and control of corps

hepburn act

free passes (brebery) was severly restricted

meat inspection act (1906)

cans would be federally inspected

pure food and drug act (1906)

no mislabelling food and drugs

william h taft

hand picked by roosevelt, broke more trusts than roosevelt

payne-aldrich tariff

raised tarifs under taft

election of 1912

taft (r), roosevelt (bull moose), wilson (d), debs (socialist), wislon won

woodrow wilson

progessive democrat, introduced new freedom program

new freedom

attacked tariffs, trusts, and banking systems

underwood tariff

provided reduction of rates (import fees), and graduated income tax over $3k (16th amendment)

federal reserve system

central bank established in 1913 to regulate monetary policy

federal trade commission act (1914)

empowered presidentially appointed comission to turn a searchlight on industries engaged in interstate commerce, such as meatpackers

clayton anti-trust act

lenghtened sherman's act list of business practices that were deemed objectionable including price discrimination

initiative, recall, referendum, secret ballot

initiative: citizens propose laws, recall: remove officials, referendum: approve or reject laws, secret ballots: reduce voter intimidation

16th amendement

allows congress to tax individuals based on their income instead of a fixed rate

17th amendment

established that senators are voted on by the people and not congress

18th amendment

prohibition of alcohol

19th amendment

grants women the right to vote