CIE IGCSE Geography Case Studies

Comprehensive vocabulary flashcards summarizing core facts, figures, causes, impacts, and management strategies across all 6 CIE IGCSE Geography case studies.

Total Fertility Rate in Niger

An average of approximately $6.7$ children per woman in this West African LEDC.

Contraception Adoption in Niger

Less than $15\%$ access to and adoption of modern contraception among women in Niger.

Sahel Region Food Insecurity

Severe food insecurity and risk of famine caused by high population growth, over-farming, and soil exhaustion in Niger.

Dharavi

One of Asia's largest informal settlements located in Mumbai, India, housing over $1\,\text{million}$ people.

Population Density of Dharavi

An extremely high population density of over $200,000\,\text{people/km}^2$.

Vision Mumbai

Redevelopment schemes aimed at managing urban growth by building high-rise housing units to replace informal settlements.

Enriquillo-Plantain Garden fault zone

The conservative/transform plate boundary along which the $7.0\,\text{M}_w$ earthquake occurred in Haiti in 2010.

Primary Effects of the 2010 Haiti Earthquake

Resulted in approximately $220,000$ deaths, over $300,000$ injuries, $1.3\,\text{million}$ people left homeless, and widespread infrastructure collapse including the main port and Presidential Palace.

Secondary Effects of the 2010 Haiti Earthquake

Included a major cholera outbreak killing over $9,000$ people due to contaminated water, and total economic damage estimated at $\$7.8\,\text{billion}$ (approx. $120\%$ of GDP).

Ganges-Brahmaputra-Meghna delta

The low-lying delta where $80\%$ of Bangladesh's land area sits on flat floodplains less than $10\,\text{m}$ above sea level.

Causes of Flooding in Bangladesh

Heavy monsoon rainfall combined with Himalayan snowmelt and upstream deforestation in Nepal, which reduces interception and increases runoff.

Flood Management in Bangladesh

Strategies including the construction of over $7,000$ concrete flood shelters, continuous embankment repairs, and SMS early warning systems.

Cattle Ranching in the Amazon

The main cause of deforestation in the Amazon Rainforest, accounting for approximately $80\%$ of cleared land.

Trans-Amazonian Highway

An infrastructure project contributing to commercial logging, mining operations, and widespread deforestation in the Amazon Rainforest.

Yanomami

An indigenous tribe in the Amazon Rainforest facing displacement and loss of traditional land due to deforestation.

Maasai Mara and Mombasa

Game reserves and coastal resorts, respectively, utilized by Kenya to drive economic growth through tourism.

Economic Impacts of Tourism in Kenya

Generates approximately $8-10\%$ of Kenya's national GDP and provides over $1\,\text{million}$ direct and indirect jobs.

Sustainable Tourism Management in Kenya

Measures including the promotion of eco-tourism lodges, capping vehicle entry numbers in reserves, and community revenue-sharing initiatives to reduce footpath erosion and habitat disruption.

Enriquillo-Plantain Garden Fault Zone

The conservative/transform plate boundary where the magnitude $7.0\,\text{M}_w$ Haiti earthquake occurred in 2010.

Primary Effects of the 2010 Haiti Earthquake

Approximately $220,000$ deaths, over $300,000$ injured, $1.3\text{ million}$ people immediately homeless, and widespread collapse of critical infrastructure including Port-au-Prince's main port and Presidential Palace.

Secondary Effects & Economic Cost of the Haiti Earthquake

A major cholera outbreak causing over $9,000$ deaths from contaminated water, and total economic damage estimated at \$7.8\text{ billion}$ (about $120\%$ of Haiti's GDP).

Ganges-Brahmaputra-Meghna Delta

The low-lying delta area containing Bangladesh, where $80\%$ of the land area consists of flat floodplains situated below $10\,\text{m}$ above sea level.

Causes of Bangladesh Floods

Heavy monsoon rainfall combined with Himalayan snowmelt, alongside upstream deforestation in Nepal which reduces interception and increases runoff.

Management of Bangladesh Floods

Construction of over $7,000$ concrete flood shelters, continuous embankment repairs, and SMS early warning systems.

Cattle Ranching in the Amazon Rainforest

The primary cause of deforestation in the Amazon Rainforest, accounting for approximately $80\%$ of cleared land.

Trans-Amazonian Highway

An infrastructure project in Brazil that facilitates commercial logging, mining, and deforestation within the Amazon Rainforest.

Yanomami

An indigenous tribe in the Amazon facing displacement and loss of traditional land due to severe deforestation.

Environmental Impacts of Amazon Deforestation

Severe loss of biodiversity affecting $10\%$ of global species, reduction of the carbon sink releasing \text{CO}_2, accelerated topsoil erosion, and disruption of the hydrological cycle.

Positive Economic Impacts of Tourism in Kenya

Generates $\sim 8\text{--}10\%$ of Kenya's national GDP, provides over $1\text{ million}$ direct and indirect jobs, and directly funds wildlife conservation and anti-poaching units.

Negative Impacts & Sustainable Management of Kenya Tourism

Footpath erosion, habitat disruption, and local water shortages; managed by eco-tourism lodges, capping vehicle entry numbers in reserves, and community revenue-sharing initiatives.

Maasai Mara and Mombasa

Key tourist destinations in Kenya, consisting of game reserves used for safari tourism and coastal resorts used for beach tourism.

Total Fertility Rate in Niger

One of the highest TFRs in the world at approximately $6.7$ children per woman in this West African LEDC.

Causes of High Birth Rate in Niger

Early marriage age (majority under $18$ years old), low adoption of modern contraception ($<15\%$), lack of female education and economic opportunities, and cultural/economic reliance on children for farm labor.

Impacts of Rapid Population Growth in Niger

Extreme strain on public infrastructure, primary schools, and healthcare; high youth dependency ratio; severe food insecurity in the Sahel region; and rapid desertification.

Dharavi

One of Asia's largest informal settlements, located in Mumbai, India, housing over $1\text{ million}$ people with a population density exceeding $200,000\,\text{people/km}^2$.

Health and Infrastructure Challenges in Dharavi

Approximately $4,000$ cases of typhoid and diphtheria daily due to open sewers, and piped water available for only $2\text{ hours}$ daily.

Vision Mumbai

A redevelopment scheme aimed at addressing urban growth in Mumbai by replacing informal settlements with high-rise housing units.

Dharavi Recycling Sector

An informal local industry in Dharavi worth approximately \$1\text{ billion}$ per year targeted for upgrading as part of settlement management.