Health exam study guide

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healthy eating

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balanced meals, portion control

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physical activity

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60 minutes daily, 150 minute moderate-to-vigorous or 75 minute vigorous weekly

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49 Terms

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healthy eating

balanced meals, portion control

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physical activity

60 minutes daily, 150 minute moderate-to-vigorous or 75 minute vigorous weekly

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Sleep

5-7 hours for men, 7-9 hours for women

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hygiene

handwashing, dental care, cleanliness

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Stress management

mindfulness, healthy coping skills, mental strategies

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7 step of putting into practice

clean up thinking, prioritize, find base line, starting goal/ short term goal, adjust (either up or down), “cruise control”/consistency, growth

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congenital

the individual is born with the disability, and usually worsen with age

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acquire

the individual acquires the disability due to an accident, injury, and/or condition

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4 different types of disabilities

physical, sensory, intellectual, and invisible

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plant based diets

primarily emphasizes foods derived from plants, such as fruits, vegetables, whole grains, legumes, nuts, and seeds, while minimizing or excluding animal products

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vegan

avoids all animal products, including meat, dairy, eggs, and even honey

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vegetarian

excludes meat but may include dairy, eggs, and honey

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lacto-vegetarian

can have dairy, but no eggs

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ovo-vegetarian

can have eggs, but no dairy

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lacto-ovo-vegetarian

can have both dairy and eggs

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flexitarian

primarily plant-based but occasionally includes meat or fish

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environmental

lower water usage, decreased soil degradation, reduced impact on marine life

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ethical

animal welfare and rights, global food justice and equity, ethical use of water and land

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positive

entertainment and relaxation, social awareness and activism, positive social connections

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negative

mental health issues, addiction and time wasting, cyber bullying and harassment

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mental wellness

Set time limits, no phone zones, alternative activities, monitor screen time

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sarcopenia

loss of skeletal muscle mass, strength, and function with age

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osteopenia/ osteoporosis

decreased in bone mineral density (BMD), leading to wearing away of bone

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BMR decline

rate at which the body burns calories at rest

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processing

cognitive processing speed refers to the brain’s ability to process information quickly

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memory

brains ability to temporarily hold and manipulate information

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executive function

higher-level cognitive processes that involve planning, problem-solving, and decision-making

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less neurons

transmit information throughout the nervous system

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less myelin

fatty substance insulates nerve fibers and speeds up signal transmission

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slower reflexes

involuntary responses to external stimuli controlled by the nervous system

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dementia

decline in cognitive abilities interferes with daily life (memory loss)

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Parkinson’s disease

progressive neurological disorder that primary affects movement

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bullying

teach respect only, build strong relationships, create clear rules, promote open communication, encourage bystanders to act, model good behavior

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safety basics

builds trust, saves resources, creates better environment, shows respect,

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Cerebral Palsy

affected: prenatal causes (before pregnancy), perinatal cause (during pregnancy), or postnatal cause (after birth)

Challenges: lack of muscle coordination when performing voluntary movements (ataxia)

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Amputation/amputee

affected: traumatic (accident or injury) or surgical (blood vessel disease, cancer, infection, excessive tissue damage, dysfunction, pain, etc)

Challenges: heart problems (heart attack), slow wound healing, phenomena, and stump problems/infections

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Visual impairment

affected: refractive errors, cataract, diabetic retinopathy, glaucoma, age-related macular degeneration

Challenges: difficulty performing routine tasks, social exclusion, and safety issues

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autism spectrum disorder

affected: developmental, genetic, and environmental factors

Challenges: limited eye contact, sensory sensitivities, repeated motions (rocking or spinning), poor social interaction/communication difficulties, anxiety, inability to understand and express emotions

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Fetal alcohol syndrome

affected: when a person is exposed to alcohol before birth

Challenges: poor motor skills and hand-eye coordination

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Down syndrome

affected: an error in cell division called nondisjunction (more common in older female pregnancies)

Challenges: attention span, verbal memory, and expressive communication

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Traumatic brain injury

affected: trauma/violent blow to the head

Challenges: mood changes or mood swings, feeling depressed or anxious, and difficulty sleeping or sleeping more than usual

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Learning impairments

affected: a problem in how the brain is strutted or in how the chemicals in the brain work

Challenges: delayed speech, difficulty focusing, trouble following directions, difficulty reading/writing, math processing problems, etc.

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Name the joints

Hinge joints(knee and ankle), ball-and-socket(shoulder and hip), gliding joints(tarsals of the feet), pivot joints(radius and ulna), saddle joints(thumb joint)

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Muscles

taper to become tendons, attaching via tendon to bones and cartilage, they produce movement

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Long bones

found in the limbs, act as levers for support and locomotion

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Short bones

for strength and compactness

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Flat bones

protective function or provide broad surfaces for muscular attachments

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ligaments

bands of tough elastic tissue around your joints. They connect and give your joints support, and limit their movement

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Tendons

let us move our limbs, help prevent muscle injury by absorbing some of the impact