Exam 4 - Head and Neck part 1

when and where does the metopic suture fuse

frontal bone, 1st year

when and where does coronal suture fuse

between frontal and parietal

24 years

when and where does the sagittal suture fuse

between parietal bones

21-30 years

when and where does lambdoid suture fuse

between occipital and parietal

26 years

the anterior fontanelle becomes what structure past infancy

bregma

the bregma is found where? what bones make it?

junction of frontal and coronal sutures

frontal, parietal bones

the posterior fontanelle becomes what structure

lambda

the lambda is found where? what bones make it

junction of sagittal and coronal sutures

frontal, parietal bones

where is the pterion found

junction of parietal, temporal, sphenoid, and frontal bones

what is the weakest point in the skull

pterion

when does the posterior fontanelle close and what is it derived from?

2-3 months

paraxial mesoderm

when does the sphenoidal fontanelle close and what is it derived from?

6 months

neural crest cells and pharyngeal arches

when does the mastoid fontanelle close and what is it derived from?

6-8 months

paraxial mesoderm

when does the anterior fontanelle close and what is it derived from?

1-3 years

neural crest cells and pharyngeal arches

which bones of the skull are formed from endochondral ossification

base of skull

what type of ossification is affected by achondroplasia? what is the result?

endochondral

early fusion of epiphyses in limb bones and synchondroses of skull bones

what type of ossification is affected by craniosynostosis? what is the result?

intramembranous

early fusion of sutures

which bone forms the orbital floor?

frontal

what part of the temporal bone houses inner ear structures

petrosal portion

what are the bones of the anterior cranial fossae

frontal, ethmoid, sphenoid

what does the anterior cranial fossae house

frontal lobe, olfactory bulb, falx cerebri, CN 1

what are the bones of the middle cranial fossae

temporal, sphenoid, parietal

what does the middle cranial fossae house

pituitary gland, temporal lobes, CN 2-6

what are the bones of the posterior cranial fossae and what cranial nerve is in it?

sphenoid, tmeporal, occipital

CN 7-12

what are the 5 layers of the scalp from superficial to deep

S - skin

C- dense connective tissue

A - epicranial aponeurosis

L - Loose connective tissue

P - pericranium

what is the great motor nerve of the face

facial (CN 7)

what are the divisions of the trigeminal nerve (CN 5)

Opthalmic (V1), maxillary (V2), mandibular (V3)

what does the Opthalmic division of the trigeminal nerve innervate?

apex of nose, orbit, eye, forehead

what does the maxillary division of the trigeminal nerve innervate?

upper lip, ala of nose, anterior temporal region

what does the mandibular division of the trigeminal nerve innervate?

lower lip, anterior auricle, temporal region,

what is the major arterial supply to the face

facial artery via external carotid branch

the superficial temporal artery is a terminal branch of what artery? what doe sit supply?

external carotid artery

transverse facial artery

there are arterial anastomes in the face between which vessels

internal and external carotid arteries

what are the main venous drainage vessels of the face

facial vein and retromandibular vein

what does the facial vein drain

medial aspect of eye into the internal jugular vein

what does the retromandibular vein drain

superficial temporal and maxillary veins

the anterior division of the retromandibular vein drains directly into what vessel? what about the posteiror division?

internal jugular vein

external jugular vein

what structures does the parotid gland pass over

masseter and buccinator

what does the parotid duct open into? where is this opening located?

oral vestibule

2nd maxillary molar

what is the innervation of the parotid gland

parasympathetic, glossopharyngeal nerve

the preganglionic fibers of the parotid gland come from what structure? where do they synapse?

foramen ovale

otic ganglion

the postganglionic fibers of the parotid duct are unique in that they travel from the otic ganglion and "hitch a ride" on what nerve

auriculotemporal nerve