Maternal Health Nursing - Obstetrics Intensive Review

Practice flashcards covering the key concepts of Maternal Health Nursing, including physiological changes in pregnancy, legal bases in the Philippines, labor stages, and neonatal care protocols.

What is the career progression for nurses in the Philippines starting from generalist practice?

Nurses start as generalists, then progress through a ladder system, ultimately deciding on a specific area based on training and competence.

How is the relationship between doctor and nurse characterized in the labor and delivery setting?

It is at the team level, where the nurse's assessments and recommendations are followed by the doctor.

What is the defined duration of 'Perinatal Services'?

From the fetal period down to the first month of life ($28$ days).

What is the significance of the first $1,000$ days of life?

It is the most critical period for child development and nutrition, including the time from conception to the first two years.

What is the primary nutritional recommendation for the first $1,000$ days of life according to the WHO?

Breastfeeding, especially in countries with limited resources like the Philippines.

According to the transcript, when does pregnancy officially begin?

While some say at fertilization (union of egg and sperm), others argue it begins at implantation.

What are the average durations of pregnancy in days and weeks?

$280$ days or $40$ weeks (with a range of $37-42$ weeks considered term in OB books).

What are the three stages of labor management defined in the notes?

$\text{1st stage: Labor}$, $\text{2nd stage: Birth of the baby}$, and $\text{3rd stage: Birth of the placenta}$ (with a 4th stage for Post Placental care).

What tool is considered the best and only way to monitor labor according to DOH protocol?

The Partograph.

What is the cause and characteristic sign of Moniliasis?

Cause: Fungi; Sign: Severe pruritus and cottage cheese-like white patches or discharge.

What is the cause and characteristic sign of Trichomoniasis?

Cause: Protozoa; Sign: Foul odor with creamy to greenish vaginal discharge.

What is the condition where endometrial tissues grow outside the uterus, causing painful cycles?

Endometriosis.

What characterizes Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS)?

Follicles develop but fail to release eggs (no ovulation), often associated with hirsutism and being overweight.

Which law is known as the 'Philippine Nursing Law'?

RA 9173.

Which law mandates that a baby should not be separated from the mother at birth for at least $90$ minutes?

RA 7600 (Rooming In Act).

What is the primary requirement of RA 9288 (Newborn Screening Act)?

All newborns must be tested for metabolic genetic disorders, ideally within $24-48$ hours after birth.

What are the three unique characteristics of Obstetrics as a medical science?

Physiologic (birth is normal, not a disease), Time frame (specific duration), and Two clients (mother and fetus).

What is the 'Golden Rule' regarding the clinical care of the vagina?

The environment should be kept acidic (pH $4-5$) to maintain normal flora like Doderlein's bacilli.

What is the site of fertilization in the fallopian tube?

The Ampulla (the widest portion).

List the three layers of the uterus.

$\text{Endometrium}$ (inner), $\text{Myometrium}$ (middle/muscle), and $\text{Perimetrium}$ (outer lining).

What are the four types of pelvis categorized in pelvimetry?

Gynecoid (female), Android (male), Anthropoid, and Platypelloid.

What is the function of Wharton’s jelly in the umbilical cord?

It is a gelatinous substance that protects the cord's blood vessels from trauma.

What are the three germ layers developed in the blastocyst?

Ectoderm (CNS, skin), Mesoderm (cardiovascular), and Endoderm (digestive organs).

What is 'Lightening' in pregnancy?

When the fetal head descends into the pelvic cavity, causing the fundal height to drop two fingerbreadths below the xiphoid process.

What is the purpose of Leopold's Maneuver 1 (LM1)?

Fundal palpation to determine the presenting part, fetal presentation, and fetal lie.

What is the difference between fetal lie and fetal attitude?

Fetal lie is the relationship of the baby's spine to the mother's spine (longitudinal or transverse); Fetal attitude is the degree of flexion the fetus assumes.

What is the medical term for the anterior fontanelle?

Bregma.

Distinguish between Placenta Previa and Abruptio Placentae regarding pain.

Placenta Previa involves painless vaginal bleeding; Abruptio Placentae involves severe and steady pain.

What is the HELLP syndrome in severe pre-eclampsia?

H (Hemolysis), EL (Elevated Liver enzymes), LP (Low Platelets).

What is the 'First Embrace' (ENC) protocol for newborns?

Immediate and thorough drying, skin-to-skin contact, properly timed cord clamping, and non-separation for early breastfeeding initiation.