Chapter 13 Blood

Functions of Blood

Transportation of respiratory gases, nutrients (like glucose), metabolic wastes, hormones, and protection against pathogens.

Components of Blood

Blood is composed of formed elements (erythrocytes, leukocytes) suspended in plasma.

Plasma

The fluid component of blood, making up about 90% water and containing proteins, gases, nutrients, hormones, and minerals.

Hematocrit

The percentage of blood cell volume to whole blood volume, indicating the concentration of blood cells.

Erythropoiesis

The process of red blood cell formation occurring in the red bone marrow.

Antibodies

Proteins produced by lymphocytes that bind to antigens to neutralize or mark them for destruction.

ABO Blood Typing System

A classification system for blood types based on the presence of A and B antigens on red blood cells.

Rh Factor

A blood cell recognition protein that indicates if the blood type is Rh+ (present) or Rh- (absent).

Hemostasis

The process to limit blood loss after injury, involving vascular spasm, platelet plug formation, and clotting.

Sinoatrial Node

The heart's natural pacemaker that generates action potentials to initiate heartbeats.

Electrocardiogram (ECG or EKG)

A recording of the electrical activity of the heart, indicating heart rhythm and function.

Atherosclerosis

A condition characterized by fatty deposits within artery walls, reducing blood flow and increasing the risk of heart disease.

Capillaries

Tiny blood vessels connecting arteries and veins, where the exchange of gases and nutrients occurs.

Lymphatic System

A network of vessels and nodes that transport lymph, absorb excess fluid, and produce immune cells.

Blood Pressure

The force exerted by circulating blood on the walls of blood vessels, with systolic and diastolic measurements.

Cardiac Cycle

The sequence of events in the heart during one heartbeat, encompassing contraction (systole) and relaxation (diastole).

Leukocytes

White blood cells that are part of the immune system, helping to defend the body against infection.