IUPAC OAT

Highest Priority to Lowest priority ICUPAC groups

Names for the hydrocarbon chains 1-4

• Methane

• Ethane

• Propane

• Butane

Names for the hydrocarbon chains 5-8

• Pentane

• Hexane

• Heptane

• Octane

Names for the hydrocarbon chains 9 + 10

• Nonane

• Decane

Isopropyl

Sec-Butyl

Start with a B! S is hyphenated.

Isobutyl

Tert-butyl

Start with a B! Not a t since it is hyphenated.

Phenyl

Benzyl

Special rules for cycloalkenes with only 2 substituents

Cis + Trans

What to do with a noncyclic alkane with a cyclic substituent. What is the parent chain?

Alkyl Halide Naming conventions: Fluorine

• Fluoro

• -yl fluoride

Alkyl Halide Naming conventions: Chlorine

• Chloro

  • -yl chloride

Alkyl Halide Naming conventions: Bromine

• Bromo

  • -yl bromide

Alkyl Halide Naming conventions: Iodine

• Iodo

• yl iodide

Alekenes

• ene

YOU HAVE TO DO CIS OR TRANS

Cis vs trans alkenes

CIS VS TRANS EXCEPTIONS → EZ naming system

EZ —> Z

Higher priority groups are on the same side → Zame Zide Zamn

EZ —> E

—> Highest priority trans

Epposite sides

How to determine priority of a substituent.

Naming Alkynes

Alcohol

• OH

THE PARENT CHAIN IS THE ONE WITH THE THE OH IN IT. (even if there is longer chains).

OH groups are higher priority than cycloalkanes, amines, alkenes, ether, and alkyl halides.

Ethers

-O-

• Naming two alkyl groups as substituents with the word ETHER at the end.

• Longest carbon chain is the parent chain, alkoxy group is the substituent.

Amine

-NH2

Primary Amines + What occurs when they are directly in the middle.

RNH2

Asymetrical Amines

Aldehyde

Ketone

Aldehyde Rules → End suffix

Ketone Rules → End suffix

• IUPAC + NONIUPAC

Non iupac

• Ketone at the end of the sentence + two chains.

• Ethyl Propyl Ketone

• Name each chain on either side of the C=O carbonyl and follow it with Ketone

IUPAC

• Methyl Phenyl Ketone

Cyclic Ketones

Naming Carboxylic Acids

Parent chain will always be the longest carbon chain that has the carboxylic acid.

It will also give the smallest number to the carboxylic acid.

Acid Halides I, Cl, Br, etc

Parent Chain is the longest carbon chain that contains the acid halide.

It will also give the smallest number to the carboxylic acid.

The e in the suffix will be oyl halide.

• like oyl iodide

• oyl chloride

• oyl bromids

Esters

The parent chain starts at the C=O carbon and is counted moving away from the ester oxygen. THEN the parent chain suffix E is replaced with OATE.

Amide

Any alkyl groups attatched to nitrogen become N-methyl, N-ethyl, N-propyl, etc

The parent chain starts at the C=O carbon and is counted moving away from the amide nitrogen.

e is replaced with AMIDE.

Acid Anhydrides

Determine length on either side of the bridging oxygen.

Then list both lengths alphabetically, replacing their ending “e” with “oic”

Then write anhydride at the end of the name.

“acid”

Nitriles

Follow rules for naming Alkenes except

• Parent chain is the longest carbon chain that contains a nitrile carbon.

• The parent chain is in the direction that gives the smallest number to the nitrile carbon.

• Then add the suffix nitrile.

Bromobenzene

Chlorobenzene

Nitrobenzene

Ethyl Benzene

Toluene

Phenol

Aniline

Benezenesulfonic Acid

Anisole

Styerene

Benzaldehyde

• Parent chain is the longest carbon chain that contains a high priority functional group.

• The parent chain is in the direction that gives the smallest number to the highest priority functional group is #1.

• Then add the suffix nitrile.

Benzoic Acid

Benzonitrile

Substituted Benzene naming

Take the highest priority functional group.

Polyfunctional compounds.

Spiroalkanes (base form)

IUPAC names for spiro alkanes have the format spiro[a.b]parent name.

• Count the total number of carbons across the entire molecule.

• Count the number of carbons to the left, and to the right. These numbers are a and b in your IUPAC name, listed from lowest to highest.

• Write your final IUPAC name as spiro[a.b]parent name.

BicylcoAlkanes

Bicyclic alkanes are carbon/hydrogen molecules that have two or more rings fused together across multi-carbon “bridges”. These bridging carbons are called bridgehead carbons.

• Count the total number of carbons across the entire molecule.

• Count carbons to the left, and to the right, and above your bridgehead carbons. These numbers are a, b, and c in your IUPAC name, listed from HIGHEST to lowest (the opposite of spiro alkanes).

• Write your final IUPAC name as bicyclo[a.b.c]parent name.