self efficacy

define self efficacy

the amount of confidence that a performer has in a specific sporting situation

define confidence

a belief in your ability to master a situation/task

define self efficacy

the amount of confidence that a performer has in a specific sporting situation

define confidence

a belief in your ability to master a situation/task

define self esteem

a persons belief about their self worth

what 4 factors does Bandura suggest have an effect on self efficacy

• past experiences/performance accomplishments

• vicarious experiences/modelling

• verbal persuasion

• emotional arousal

according to Bandura how do past experiences/performance accomplishments affect self efficacy

success in the past e.g. last match, training session, or in the first half of the game will lead to an increase in self efficacy

however failure in the past will decrease self efficacy

according to Bandura how does vicarious experiences/modelling affect self efficacy

if a performer watches a model who shares the same characteristics as them such as age, gender, ability, is able to successfully complete the task then this will increase self efficacy

However if a performer watches a model who shares the same characteristics as them and fails the task then this may decrease self efficacy

according to Bandura how does verbal persuasion affect self efficacy

encouragement from coaches or significant others can increase self efficacy

negativity from the coach or significant others can decrease self efficacy

according to Bandura how does emotional arousal impact self efficacy

the optimal level of cognitive and somatic arousal will increase self efficacy

if the performer is under aroused then they will lack confidence e.g. in a rugby tackle

how can a coach increase self efficacy

• a coach should remind performers of their past successes

• in training sessions or video demonstrations coaches should show footage of role models that share the same or similar characteristics as the performers

• coaches should give praise and positive reinforcement for success

• coaches should show performers how to control their arousal via cognitive or somatic techniques

• coaches should attribute success to internal and stable factors and attribute failure to unstable and external factors (attributional retraining)

• ensure success in training then gradually increase the difficulty of the task

• set achievable process and performance goals rather than outcome goals

what does Vealey state that confidence is based on

personality- your level of competitiveness and achievement motivation

experience- your amount of past success on the task and your belief in your ability to succeed in the future

situation- playing home or away, skill of opponents, stakes of the game, loosing or winning during a match

what is sports confidence

the belief or degree of certainty that a performer has about their ability to be successful in sport

what factors does sports confidence theory measure

trait sports confidence- is stable and innate- a generalised belief that the performers ability will bring success in sports

state sports confidence- is learned, unstable- a situation specific belief that the performers ability will bring success in a specific sporting situation

what is competitive orientation

how driven the performer is and the types of goals they may have set themselves

what is an objective sporting situation

the performance takes into account the situation in which the task is being undertaken in

what factors can affect a performers state sports confidence

• trait sports confidence (if high- then SC will be high)

• objective sports situation- type of skill being performed, can also include the situation the skill has to be performed in e.g. shootout

• performers competitive orientation- the degree to which an individual is prepared to compete and how driven they are. Also whether an individual strives to complete an outcome goal or a performance goal

explain vealeys model of self confidence in sport for a penalty in football

• the performer produces the response e.g. takes the penalty kick, and considers the subjective outcomes

• if the performer perceives the outcome as a positive result (scored the penalty with good technique and placement) then the the level of state SC and trait SC will increase.

• This will also increase the performers approach behaviour being shown in other situations

• A successful attempt will also increase a performers competitive orientation

• if the performer perceives the outcome as a negative result then trait SC, state SC, competitive orientation may decrease and avoidance behaviour may increase

what are some strategies to improve state sports confidence

• mastery of skill: occurs when a skill has been acquired and a performer perceives that they are competent at performing that skill

• styling: confidence will increase if the performer can demonstrate a highly skilled performance infant of other people or significant others

• physical and mental preparation: can increase confidence (physical can involve a warm up (if warm up goes well confidence will increase) mental can involve visualisation or relaxation techniques which help to control arousal and lower anxiety which may increase confidence as loss of concentration and fear of failure go away

• social reinforcement: praise and positive reinforcement from coach

• effective leadership: coaches can increase confidence in a team talk with good tactics

• attributional retraining- coach should attribute the success of the performer to internal and stable factors

what does an increase in trait sports confidence lead to

• higher state sports confidence

• greater self efficacy

• increased self esteem

• increase in approach behaviour

what is home field advantage

suggests that performers usually play better when playing at home because they have many supporters present and are familiar with the venue. This helps to increase the confidence of the performers especially if the crowd is cheering them on

the larger the crowd and the more supportive they are, the more confident performers will be

However, if the team is loosing the crowd can become hostile. The crowd may also create pressure on the performers to play well. If the performers aren’t playing well under this pressure due to social inhibition they may loose confidence